Ivydene Gardens Heather Erica: Other Hardy Heaths Gallery: |
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SHRUB EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES Site Map of pages with content (o) Introduction FOLIAGE COLOUR |
7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below IN EVERGREEN SHRUB GALLERY. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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HEATHER ERICA: OTHER HARDY HEATHS EVERGREEN SHRUB GALLERY PAGES Introduction 1 (o)January |
Photos from Chris Garnons-Williams are added to that respective flower colour or foliage colour page in the Shrub Heather Gallery and the relevant index page in Shrub Heather Index Gallery IRRESPECTIVE OF THE ACTUAL FLOWER COLOUR OR FOLIAGE COLOUR (stated in the Handy Guide) IN THE IMAGE THAT WAS TAKEN BY CHRIS GARNONS-WILLIAMS. |
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.....Erica SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES |
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"Handy Guide to Heathers - Descriptions & Suppliers of over 1000 varieties" by David & Anne Small. Published in 1992 by Denbeigh Heather Nurseries in the UK. ISBN 0-9519160-0-9. It provides a handy reference to descriptions of heathers in the genera Andromeda, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Daboecia and Erica which are commercially cultivated in Britain, Europe and North America. The information has very largely come from the work of the Heather Society on producing an International Register of all heather names irrespective of whether they are in commercial use or not. |
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Heather Evergreen Shrub Name |
Flower Colour |
Flowering Months |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12" = 1 foot = 30 cms) |
Foliage Colour |
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Summer |
Autumn |
Winter |
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Andromeda polifolia |
"A dwarf plant of the northern hemisphere found in Europe, North America ad Japan. The majority of the species grown in gardens emanate from the Japanese population where they are found on well separated mountains, each having distinctive groups of plants." "Andromeda polifolia is also called Marsh Rosemary and Bog-rosemary. Its habitat is bogs, swamps, fens and peat-covered areas besides ponds. Bog rosemary is not particularly highly esteemed in Finland, as folk names like ‘bog heather’ show. The father of botany Carl von Linné on the other hand adored the species, as is evident from the way that its scientific name compares it to the princess Andromeda from Greek mythology, who was renowned for her beauty and who was chained to a shore-side rock as a sacrifice for the sea monster. Perseus, the hero of the tale, flew on his winged horse Pegasus so save the damsel in distress, but bog rosemary is still chained to the peat. Bog rosemary is very widespread in boggy habitats and thrives in both wet swamps and dry bog moss hummocks. The plant’s annual growth is lime green or with slightly reddish shades and is covered with a greyish, wax-like film. Strangely bloated and beautiful wine-red shoots can quite often be found in the bogs – in this case the plant has been destroyed by a fungus. Black patches on the leaves on the other hand are a sign that the plant is being attacked by another kind of fungus. Plant-eaters do not bother with bog rosemary as it contains andromedotoxin which is very poisonous, although there is no record of anyone dying from eating the plant. Bog rosemary’s flower buds develop already in the previous growing season. The reddish flower is beautiful, and as it contains nectar and is fragrant it is clearly intended to attract pollinators. These do not however fly around bogs much at the beginning of summer when the plant is flowering, so for safety’s sake it is self-pollinating. Especially on the northern bogs and fell areas the seeds do not develop at all, but the species is not dependent on its seeds to propagate itself. It spreads efficiently through its underground rootstock and runners." from LuontPortii. |
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Andromeda polifolia 'Alba' - H0 |
White - H0 |
May-Jun |
6 x 16 |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
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Summer Jun-Aug |
Autumn Sep-Nov |
Winter Dec-Feb |
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Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta' - H8 |
Pink - H8 |
May-Jun Compact broad habit making a very neat mound |
12 x 18 |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
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"Calluna vulgaris is also known as Ling or "Scotch" heather. These are the true heathers, among the hardiest and most varied of all hardy heathers. Sizes range from small tufts, mounds and carpeters to shrubs about three feet tall. Flowers can be single or double. There are even a few bud bloomers who hang onto their flowers through winter and look as if they are still in bloom. There are many interesting foliage colors. Some turn spectacular shades of orange and red during the cold weather of winter. The varieties that show colored spring new growth are valuable for their several months of extremely showy foliage from January to June, and then they go on to bloom for an additional several months. "The single species, Calluna vulgaris, is very widely distributed throughout Western Europe including Azores, Iceland and Faeroe Islands, eastwards into Siberia, and southwards into northern Morocco in North Africa; this range represents about 125̊ longitude west to east and 36̊ latitude north to south. Calluna is reported reaching about 2,700m altitude in southern Switzerland. Calluna is also a naturalized exotic plant in many other places including North America*, Australia and New Zealand. "Heather is a highly branched evergreen shrub. The numerous stems take root at the base, and there are also a large number of short side shoots. The leaves are very small and scale-like, their sides are often curled back so much that they are triangular in cross-section. The small reddish-purple flowers are borne on narrow spikes. Shrubs typically grow to around 60cm in height, but may occasionally reach 1 m." from Wildscreen Arkive in the UK.
Weeds of Australia, New Zealand and North America:- Heather (Calluna vulgaris) reproduces mainly by seed, which can remain viable for extended periods (i.e. up to 100 years). Vegetative reproduction can also take place via a process known as layering, where branches in contact with the soil take root and form new plants. |
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Daboecia cantabrica Daboecia x scotica |
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"Daboecia: St Dabeoc’s heath There are two species of Daboecia. One is found only in the Azores and is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the more widespread St Dabeoc’s heath which inhabits western Ireland, and also ranges from south-western France through northern Spain into the north-west of Portugal.
Etymology
"Given the chance, this long loved plant can in the wild measure 2m or more across, but in gardens it may be expected to be little more than 75cm wide and 40cm high. Leaves sessile, ovate-elliptic, 1cm or more long, the upper ones narrower, almost hairless and deep green above, but ciliate and closely white-felted beneath. Flowers typically nodding, (erect in D.c. forma blumii), 1.4cm long with a very few short, glandular hairs on the outside, in terminal racemes of up to twenty, normally reddish-purple, often rather pale, but also pink, cherry-red or white, and there is a double form. Coastal areas of southwestern France, northern Spain, Portugal and western Ireland in heathland.
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Erica arborea |
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Species - Erica arborea:- "Erica arborea : tree heather, tree heath, bruyére Tree to 15m (or more) tall, or bushy shrub with a lignotuber. Leaves in whorls of 3, to 7mm long. Flowers in umbels of 2–4 on short leafy shoots; honey scented; calyx cup-shaped, 4-lobed, white; corolla white, bell-shaped, ±3mm long; stamens 8 visible at mouth of corolla; anthers with spurs; style-end emergent. Blooms in winter and spring. One of the most wide-ranging heathers, from the Canary Islands and Madeira, through the Mediterranean basin and north Africa to the eastern Black Sea, Yemen and Saudi Arabia, central Sahara, Ethiopia and into east Africa. Plants in cultivation are probably of Mediterranean origin. It varies in hardiness from frost-tender to suitable for hardiness zone 7, and is not as tolerant of lime as commonly supposed. Young plants should be shaped in the early years to avoid untidy growth. Tree heath can be damaged by heavy snowfalls but will break from the base again.
"Erica arborea. This tree heath is found in the Mediterranean basin, the Canary Island and North and East Africa. Some old specimens can grow to 10 feet or more. The flowers are scented like honey. There are few heathers with any scent at all. They like acid soil and grow upright. These are quite drought tolerant. Hardy to Zone 7 (0 degrees) and warmer. They need heavy snow loads removed to avoid breakage." from Heaths and Heathers in America.
"Erica arborea (Tree Heaths) provide flowers from March until June, when very few heaths are in flower. The plants take many years to develop and in most parts of the country they will remain much smaller. Generally speaking, they are hardy, but if cut back by frost or broken by wind or snow they should be pruned back hard and the young growths allowed to develop from the base." from Spring Park Nursery. |
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'Albert's Gold' |
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'Alpina' |
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'Estrella Gold' - H0 |
White - H0 |
April, |
48 x 30 (120 x 75) |
Lime-Green tipped bright Yellow |
Lime-Green |
Lime-Green |
Lime-Green |
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'Spring Smile' |
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Erica x arendsiana |
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'Charnwood Pink' |
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Erica australis |
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"Erica australis : Spanish heath
"Erica australis - This tree heath is found in western Spain, Portugal and northwest Africa. Hardy to Zone 8 (10 degrees) and warmer. They need heavy snow loads removed to avoid breakage. Wind storms can be damaging. |
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Erica australis |
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'Riverslea' |
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"Erica carnea : winter heath, mountain heath - synonym: Erica herbacea Closely related to Irish heath (Erica erigena).
"Prep the soil. Heaths and heathers are acid lovers, preferring a soil pH of 4.5-5.5. Although some heaths are more tolerant of alkaline soil, particularly Irish heath (Erica erigena), most types will struggle. Work in damp peat moss or other acidic soil amendments, particularly if your soil is pH neutral (6.5-7.5). Till or loosen the soil and dig holes twice as wide as each plant's root ball to encourage roots to spread.
"Erica carnea is one of the hardiest of heathers. Provides good winter color with its long blooming season. Established plants need little care. When spaced properly, they form a carpet for a good ground cover. Plants can be sheared lightly after flowers fade but not any later as flower buds are formed during the summer. Annual light shearing, especially while plants are young, makes for a bushier plant that does not form a bare, woody center with age. Most carneas are prostrate in habit and grow quickly. These are excellent for rock gardens, slopes and drifts of much needed winter color. New tip growth is often cream colored. Erica carnea are some of the easiest heathers to grow and thrive in almost any soil. Any winter damaged stems can be pruned in spring. Grows in Zone 3 if good snow cover but won’t catch much blooming under the snow. |
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Site design and content copyright ©May 2012. |
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Heather Evergreen Shrub Name |
Flower Colour |
Flowering Months |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12" = 1 foot = 30 cms) |
Foliage Colour |
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Spring |
Summer |
Autumn |
Winter |
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Andromeda polifolia |
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Andromeda polifolia 'Alba' - H0 |
White - H0 |
May-Jun |
6 x 16 |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
Dark Grey |
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Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta' - H8 |
Pink - H8 |
May-Jun Compact broad habit making a very neat mound |
12 x 18 |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
Glaucous Green |
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Daboecia cantabrica Daboecia x scotica |
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Erica arborea |
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'Albert's Gold' |
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'Alpina' |
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'Estrella Gold' - H0 |
White - H0 |
April, |
48 x 30 (120 x 75) |
Lime-Green tipped bright Yellow |
Lime-Green |
Lime-Green |
Lime-Green |
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'Spring Smile' |
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Erica x arendsiana |
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Erica australis |
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Erica australis |
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'Riverslea' |
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Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |