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5 Rosa 'Marlena' ground cover, hedge, pot, poorer soils, |
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2 Rosa 'Golden Wed-ding' bedding, hedge, pot, poorer soils, not fragrant |
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5 Rosa 'Great Expect-ations' bedding, pot, edge, not fragrant, thorny |
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19a bedding, hedge, pot, speci-man, edge, stand-ard, fragrant |
19a-d bedding, hedge, cut-flower, pot, spec-iman, edge, fragrant |
2 Rosa 'Henry Kelsey' ground cover, hedge, pot, speci-man, poorer soils, hips, shade, fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Iceberg' KORbin |
4 Rosa 'Jack's Wish' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, fragrant |
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4 Rosa 'Isn't She Lovely' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, stand-ard, fragrant, thorny |
1a |
19a bedding, cut-flower, pot, specim-an, edge, stand-ard, fragrant |
4 Rosa 'Just Joey' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, stand-ard, fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Sun-sprite' bedding, hedge, cut-flower, pot, edge, fragrant. |
1a |
5 Rosa 'Sandra Lorraine' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, not fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Satch-mo' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, not fragrant |
8 Rosa 'Saxilby Belle' SUN bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, not fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Sheree Daniels' bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, not fragrant |
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5 Rosa 'Sexy Rexy' |
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5 Rosa bedding, cut-flower, pot, edge, fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Sunset Boule-vard' bedding, fragrant, pot with winter protec-tion, cut-flower |
28 Rosa pimpin-ellifolia |
1 Rosa 'Winch-ester Cath-edral' bedding, hedge, pot, fragrant |
5 Rosa 'Arthur Bell' bedding, hedge, fragrant, cut-flower, pot, thorny |
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6a Rosa 'Shiry-nne Cowan' SUN bedding, cut-flower, pot, exhib-ition, edge, not fragrant |
This rose changes colour drama-tically when opening without and/or "with sunshine." |
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14a Rosa 'High-grove' |
38 Rosa willmo-ttiae fragrant leaves, |
10 Rosa 'Canary Bird' |
20 Rosa 'Cele-stial' |
2 Rosa 'F.J. Gro-otenorst' |
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Site design and content copyright ©October 2014. (©November 2009. Page structure amended in September 2012. Mail-order Nursery links updated June 2013. RHS Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden Rose Index added on right hand side in May 2014.) Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services is not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
All Things Plants uses the following Bloom Shapes:- and Petal Count:-
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David Austin Roses uses the following Flower Shapes and Petal Count:-
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"Modern Roses in Containers - Since Victorian times this mehod of growing roses has gone slowly out of fashion. The decline is fairly predictable because until the turn of the century (1900) there were far more conservatories and far more Tea roses to grow in them. Terraces, too, were more common, especially in bigger gardens, and they made ideal standing areas in summer for container-grown roses after the first flush of flower under glass. Gardens are much smaller today, so in a way it is surprising that more roses are not grown in pots, particularly as the range of varieties suitable for the purpose is infinitely greater than it was a century ago in the 1800s. This is not to say that only certain roses can be grown this way, for given the right size of container almost any rose can be made to feel comfortable in one, even climbers 10 feet (300 cms) tall. While all modern roses will grow in pots, some are better at it than others. Miniatures, for example, do well, especially those propagated by grafting, as such plants are bigger and more vigorous than those grown on their own roots. Dwarf Polyanthas also thrive and look quite at home, as do many Floribundas, particularly shorter ones like 'Lady Romsey', 'Meteor' and 'Amber Queen'. Hybrid Teas will, of course, grow quite successfully but may not be such good value, for they tend to have fewer blooms. Of all the shorter-growing roses, though, the newer Patios lend themselves best to this purpose and the posture of such varieties as 'Sunblaze' and 'Gentle Touch' is well suited to modern stoneware. Of the larger roses, the taller Floribundas do well; 'Queen Elizabeth' and 'Iceberg', for example, make excellent container plants, as do some of the wide range of bushy shrubs - 'Ballerina' and 'Yesterday' spring readily to mind. Most suitable of all are some of the Procumbents (Ground Cover), especially when they can be given their head in large containers and cascade over the edge. 'Nozomi' is ideal and enjoys the extra mollycoddling it gets by being grown in this way, but sadly its flowering season is rather short and others, such as 'Fairyland', Fairy Damsel' and 'Smarty' are better. In larger pots it is possible to use the very prostrate varieties such as 'Snow Carpet' as undergrowth to larger more upright roses such as 'Iceberg'. Tall standards often look ridiculous in such situations, but half and quarter standards can be effective, particularly when underplanted with smaller roses. 10 Hybrid Tea and Floribunda Roses for growing permanently in containers - " from Peter Beales Roses - An illustrated encyclopedia and grower's handbook of species roses, old roses and modern roses, shrub roses and climber by Peter Beales. Published by Harvil in 1992. ISBN 0-00-272165-1-pbk |
Ivydene Gardens Rose Use Gallery: |
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ROSE USE GALLERY PAGES ROSE PLANT 2 GALLERY PAGES MODERN CLIMBER ROSE TYPE SHAPE For further details on the cultivation of roses, consult the The Rose Society UK. The Royal National Rose Society went into administration on 15th May 2017. --------- ROSE PLANT 2 GALLERY PAGES OLD GARDEN CLIMBER ROSE TYPE SHAPE BED PICTURES
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Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop; Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13 Nursery of Nursery of
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There are 3 groups of roses, whose Rose Use Flower Images are compared in Rose Use Gallery and whose Flower Colour and Rose Type Shape are compared in the Rose gallery There are 720 roses in this website:-
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Bloom Colour |
Rose Use:- |
Rose Cultivar Name (Regist-ration Name and Year of its Breeding) White background indicates that its Rose Description is only in this Index with links to Mail-order suppliers in Height and Width Column - Click |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - |
Bloom Colour |
Other Rose |
Rose Name / Rose Class Number / Bowes-Lyon Bed - see map below in bottom of middle section White background indicates that its Rose Description is only in this Index with links to Mail-order suppliers in Height and Width Column - Click |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - |
'Winchester Cathedral' is a sport of 'Mary Rose' according to their internal plant records. Spectators must therefore beware of falling masonry!!! |
Comment "Bush roses were bred for use in formal rose beds. The large-flowered bushes are best for formal rose beds near the house, and for cutting. Cluster-flowered bushes are ideal for beds of showy colour and could also be planted in groups at the front of a shrub border, or even singly. Cluster-flowered bushes are better suited to poor conditions, especially wet areas, because their flowers withstand rain better. Choosing bush roses is a matter of personal taste, but there are do’s and don’ts. Choose either large-flowered bushes or cluster-flowered bushes. Do not mix them – the results can be very messy. Neither should varieties of large-flowered bushes be mixed in the same bed because mixed colours take from the effect of formal elegance. The more showy cluster-flowered bushes can be mixed, but stick to two or three varieties – avoid the ‘fruit-salad’ effect. Try to match the varieties for height – use the taller ones to the back, or the middle of a bed, mixed border or island bed – and choose complementary colours. Research the variety and try to see it growing – visit St. Anne’s Rose Garden, Clontarf, Dublin, or a rose nursery during the flowering season. Standard roses are used in the middle, or at the back of large rose beds, to add some height. They have long been used as specimens on their own, but less so nowadays. They could also be used in groups, or singly, in a shrub border behind low, non-competitive plants to give summer colour. Being true shrubs, the shrub roses are best placed among other flowering and non-flowering shrubs. They bring colour to a shrub border in late spring and early summer. The shrub roses can also be planted as specimens on their own and some of them make good informal, secure hedges The climbing habit of growth of climbing and rambling roses makes them ideal for covering walls and unsightly large objects. They can also be grown on flowering garden trees to give more interest, or on an old tree stump, pillar or pergola. Miniature roses have become very popular for patio and container growing. They can also be used on rockeries, and as house plants." from Using Roses in the Garden by Ireland's Gardening Community. |
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An ADR rose is a winner in the German ADR rose trial (Allgemeine Deutsche Rosenneuheitenprüfung). No chemical pesticides have been allowed since 1997 and breeders often describe the trial as among the most challenging in the world.The trial is set up by a working group that includes the Bund deutscher Baumschulen (German nurseries association), rose breeders, and 11 independent trial stations in Germany. The trial results are analyzed by the Bundessortenamt (Federal Office of Plant Varieties). Roses are tested over 3 years and criteria analyzed include disease resistance, hardiness, attractiveness, and habit. About 50 cultivars are judged annually and more than 2000 cultivars have been tested since the award's creation in the 1950s. Roses that no longer fulfill quality standards have their certificate removed. As of November 2013, 161 cultivars are recognized. The Halycon Days Rose is an ADR rose. |
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Site design and content copyright ©May 2013. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.
See Rose Index for further details of the 720 roses |
Rose Classification Number |
Rose Classification |
1 |
Modern Roses: 1 Modern Shrub Recurrent Large-Flowered
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Some of the Roses in the other borders of the Royal Horticultural Society Garden at Wisley are in the Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden (identified as 3 in the map below) or the Jubilee Rose Garden - which is below and to the left of the Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden:- and this detailed map of the Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden from the RHS sign in the garden, which shows it upside down from the above map:-
Above map with A-Z or 1-9 identifying each flowerbed location in the Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden:-
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From OTHER ROSES A-F GALLERY PAGES Index of
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These were the extra Roses that I took photos of in the nursery field of Other Roses from R.V. Roger Nurseries in 2014 |
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Bloom Colour |
Rose Use:- |
Rose Name / Rose Class Number White background indicates that its Rose Description is only in this Index with links to Mail-order suppliers in Height and Width Column - Click |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - Many of the roses below have no rose decription page in this website so are linked to an external mail-order nursery page. |
Bloom Colour |
Other Rose |
Rose Name / Rose Class Number White background indicates that its Rose Description is only in this Index with links to Mail-order suppliers in Height and Width Column - Click |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - Many of the roses below have no rose decription page in this website so are linked to an external mail-order nursery page. |
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Photo required |
Bedding, Back of Border |
48 x 40 |
Exhib-ition |
Margie Bailey |
40 x 32 |
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Bedding, Cut-Flower, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition |
Ambiance |
30 x 24 |
Grow in Pots |
Many Happy Returns |
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Exhib-ition, |
Margaret Fuchs |
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Hedge, Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Andrea Stelzer |
Grow in Pots, |
Mariam Ismailjee |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Angela |
Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Marlon's Day |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Anisley Dickson |
Exhib-ition |
Maverick |
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Exhib-ition |
Apricot Ingrid |
Unknown. Ask R V Roger Ltd for its height and width |
Bedding |
Maxima Romantica |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition |
Apricot Rex |
Bedding |
Melody Maker |
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Exhib-ition |
Arcanum |
Grow in Pots, Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Michael Mander |
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Photo required of Golden Yellow Bloom |
Climber |
Arthur Bell (Climbing) |
Bedding, Hedge |
Middles-borough Football Club |
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CUT-FLOWER " Flower arranging is an art, and is all about proportion and balance...... Some years ago, a very persuasive lady telephoned me to ask for help. 'I need a 1000 blooms,' she said, 'for a festival of Rossini Music and Song'. Until the day I arrived in Sunderland I cursed myself for not saying No; the logistics were ridiculous - cut 1000 blooms one day, up at the crack of dawn, travel for 7 hours the next. But when I arrived at Bishopswearmouth church I knew it was all worthwhile. I was beseiged, embraced and thoroughly spoilt by an army of 'Geordie' lady flower arrangers who produced some real works of art with my roses in that church. Later, when the soprano hit top C, petals fluttered to the floor to add an extra sense of unreality to my first encounter with the friendly Northeast. ... Selecting roses for cutting is an acquired skill. Cut them too tight and they never open, too open and they last only fleetingly. The best stage is when the sepals have started to fold back and the furled petals are showing colour. Timing is important. Early morning or late evening is best, but at whatever time flowers are cut they should always be placed in water up to their necks and stood in a cool place for 2 or 3 hours before they are arranged. A couple of spoonfuls of sugar or even a pint of lemonade to about 1 gallon of water will help them to stay fresh for a few hours longer. Before placing the flowers in water it is best to remove the 2 bottom leaves - no more - and scrape the thorns from the bottom 3" (7.5cm). Some people crush the base of each stem but I usually make a cut about half-an-inch (1cm) long upwards into it. This exposes a bigger area of inner tissue and enables the flower to take up more water. Cut roses will wilt in warm, dry conditions, and lightly syringing the leaves with cold water will help to revive them. I am told by the experts that plunging the bottom inch of stem into boiling water for about 1 minute and then placing them quickly back into cold water will sometimes revive wilting blooms. Some people believe that harm can be done to rose bushes by the cutting of blooms, and certainly if too many are taken with long stems the plants do suffer slightly, but they should come to no real harm. Try to cut to an eye though, so as not to leave an unsightly stump to die back on the bush. ... 2 or 3 carefully chosen bushes, growing in even the smallest garden, can usually provide enough flowers for taking indoors without any detriment to the outdoor display; and their scent will pervade the entire house, rivalling both sweet peas and ten-week stocks." |
Exhib-ition |
Midnight |
Unknown |
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Climber, Grow in Pots |
Minnehaha |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Minnie The Moocher |
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Bedding |
Mischief |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots |
Miss Harp |
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Grow in Pots, |
Miss Lakeland |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots |
Mom |
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Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
Monica Belluci |
48 x 28 |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots |
Moonstone |
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Exhib-ition, |
My Joy |
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Bedding |
Mystery Girl |
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N |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Barbara Stack |
Climber |
Night Owl |
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Cut-flower, Exhi-bition, Hedge |
Bella Christina |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Cut-flower |
Norma Major |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Bella Diana |
Bedding, Grow in Pots |
North-umberland |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
TOLERANT OF POOR SOILS Roses prefer acidic soil of pH 6.5 (sand) but will tolerate alkaline soils up to pH 7.5 (chalk). Mix 25 litres farmyard manure, or pulverized tree bark with bone meal, in soil before planting. Broadcast rose fertilizer in early Spring and in early summer as well. "The Roses of Yesterday and Today Garden in California, which has developed with the help of four generations of the Wiley/Stemler family, has more than 230 rose varieties on display. Picnic tables are available. It has compiled this following list:- "Abraham Darby, Agnes, Alchymist, Alfred de Dalmas, Altissimo, Austrian Copper, Ballerina, Baron Girod de l'Ain, Baronne Prevost, Belinda, Belle de Crecy, Blanc Double de Coubert, Blush Damask, Blush Noisette, Cardinal de Richelieu, Cecile Brunner, Celestial, Celsiana, Charles de Mills, Chapeau de Napolean, Comte de Chambord, Cornelia, Dortmund, Dublin Bay, Eglantine, Erfurt, Felicite Parmentier, Francis E. Lester, F. J. Grootendorst, Frau Dagmar Hastrup, Gipsy Boy, Golden Showers, Cli., Green Rose, Hansa, Harison's Yellow, Henri Martin, Honorine de Brabant, Jacques Cartier, Kathleen, Kathleen Harrop, Kazanlik, Konigen von Danemark, Lavender Lassie, Leverkusen, Madame Alfred Carriere, Madame Hardy, Madame Isaac Periere, Mrs. John Laing, Mutabilis, New Dawn, Old Blush, Paul's Lemon Pillar, Pax, Penelope, Persian Yellow, Pink Grootendorst, Quatre Saison, Queen of Denmark, Reine des Violettes, Rosa Mundi, Rosa Rugosa Alba and Rubra, Rosa Damascena Trigintipetala (Kazanlik), Rosa Gallica Officianalis (Apothecary Rose), Roserie de l'Hay, Sally Holmes, Shot Silk, Cli., The Fairy, Therese Bugnet, Topaz Jewell, Variegata di Bologna, Veilchenblau, Westerland, White Pet, York and Lancaster, Zephirine Drouhin." |
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Bedding |
Bill Bailey |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots |
Birthday Boy |
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Bedding, Cut-flower |
Black Baccara |
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Exhib-ition, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
Black Gold |
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Bedding |
Blaydon Races |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Bright Smile |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Brook's Red |
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O |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Cajun Moon |
Ground-cover, Exhib-ition |
Our Millie |
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Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Cajun Signature |
HEDGE " Formal Hedges. When planting a formal hedge, consideration should be given to any upright-growing variety capable of reaching the desired height. Bushes should either be in a single row, with 18" (45cm) between each plant or, for a really thick hedge, a double row of staggered bushes with 12" (30cm) between each row and 24" (60cm) between each plant. It is essential to prune the bushes very hard in the first year to encourage basal growth for later years, when such pruning will not be possible. If formality is desired from some of the old-fashioned and species roses, traditional methods of pruning have to be abandoned in favour of shears; and since not all types take kindly to such treatment, the choice of variety is particularly important. Clipped hedges can look very attractive, but these must be pruned very hard both their first and second year. Once the hedge is growing well, clipping can start, but if this is not timed correctly flowering may be affected. Clipping should be practised after flowering so that the hedge has time to make growth for the following year.Throughout the rest of the summer it should only be necessary to remove extra vigorous or 'awkward' shoots as they appear. Only the 'once-flowering' varieties are suitable for treatment this way. So, if you require more from your hedge, such as autumn flowers and/or hips, then informality must be accepted. Planting distances for old-fashioned and species roses will depend on the variety but few will need to be closer than 24" (60cm) and most make satisfactory hedges planted 36" (90cm) apart. See Hedge Page for 10 Good Shrub Roses which can be kept trimmed for Ornamental Hedges. Informal Hedges. Some of the Hybrid Musks make quite neat plants as hedgerows, whereas the Centifolias will form wide, impenetrable, untidy jungles. The secret of good informal rose hedges, no matter what the type, is, as already stressed, hard pruning in the first year and light clipping or tidying when the hedge is matured. Feeding, too, is important to keep them at their best. See Hedge Page for 10 Good Tall, Recurrent old and shrub Roses for use as Informal Hedges. See Hedge Page for roses which are excellent for edging bed borders. |
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Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Canadian North-light |
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Bedding, Edging Borders, Cut-flower |
Celebration Time |
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Bedding |
Champagne Cocktail |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Exhib-ition, Grow in Pots |
Chrysler Imperial |
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Bedding |
Cliff Richard |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Con-gratulations |
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Cut-flower, Bedding, Exhib-ition |
Cream Dream |
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Bedding |
Creamsicle |
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D |
P |
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Photo required of Vermillion Bloom |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Dale Farm |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots |
Papa Meilland |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Dancing Pink |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Pedros Aquarius |
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Bedding |
Davids Star |
40 x 32 |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Peggy Nether-thorpe |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Desperado |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Perception |
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Ground-cover, |
Diamond Jubilee |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Peter Cottontail |
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Exhib-ition |
Dogwood |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Cut-flower |
Peter Frankenfeld |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
Dr Michael Noble |
Bedding |
Piccadilly |
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Comment "Bush roses were bred for use in formal rose beds. The large-flowered bushes are best for formal rose beds near the house, and for cutting. Cluster-flowered bushes are ideal for beds of showy colour and could also be planted in groups at the front of a shrub border, or even singly. Cluster-flowered bushes are better suited to poor conditions, especially wet areas, because their flowers withstand rain better. Choosing bush roses is a matter of personal taste, but there are do’s and don’ts. Choose either large-flowered bushes or cluster-flowered bushes. Do not mix them – the results can be very messy. Neither should varieties of large-flowered bushes be mixed in the same bed because mixed colours take from the effect of formal elegance. The more showy cluster-flowered bushes can be mixed, but stick to two or three varieties – avoid the ‘fruit-salad’ effect. Try to match the varieties for height – use the taller ones to the back, or the middle of a bed, mixed border or island bed – and choose complementary colours. Research the variety and try to see it growing – visit St. Anne’s Rose Garden, Clontarf, Dublin, or a rose nursery during the flowering season. Standard roses are used in the middle, or at the back of large rose beds, to add some height. They have long been used as specimens on their own, but less so nowadays. They could also be used in groups, or singly, in a shrub border behind low, non-competitive plants to give summer colour. Being true shrubs, the shrub roses are best placed among other flowering and non-flowering shrubs. They bring colour to a shrub border in late spring and early summer. The shrub roses can also be planted as specimens on their own and some of them make good informal, secure hedges The climbing habit of growth of climbing and rambling roses makes them ideal for covering walls and unsightly large objects. They can also be grown on flowering garden trees to give more interest, or on an old tree stump, pillar or pergola. Miniature roses have become very popular for patio and container growing. They can also be used on rockeries, and as house plants." from Using Roses in the Garden by Ireland's Gardening Community. |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Picotee |
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Bedding, Cut-flower |
Picture |
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Bedding |
Pink Favourite |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Pinnacle |
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Exhib-ition |
Playgroup Rose |
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Exhib-ition |
Polar Star |
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Bedding |
Polly |
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E |
P continued |
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Climber |
Eddie Bailey |
48 x 36 |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
Power Point |
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Grow in Pots |
Emma Clare |
Exhib-ition |
Pride of Lakeland |
40 x 32 |
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Exhib-ition |
Emma May |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Princess Alice |
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Bedding |
Ernest H Morse |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
Princess Nobuko |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Cut-flower |
European Touch |
EXHIBITION / SPECIMAN Speciman roses can be planted to create a focal point by themselves, at corners of flower beds or enmasse:- |
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F |
R |
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Grow in pots, Hedge, Tolerant of Poor Soil |
F J Groot-endorst |
Climber, Pillar Rose |
Rambling Rosie |
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Bedding |
Faith |
Open Bud Juvenile Flower Juvenile Flower Mid-aged Flower Mature Flower |
Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Red 4 |
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Bedding |
Felicitas |
Bedding |
Red Perfumella |
36 x 32 |
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Exhib-ition |
Ffion |
28 x 16 |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
Robin Alonso |
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Bedding |
Flanders Field |
TOLERANT OF SHADE "Agnes, Alchymist, Alfred de Dalmas, Apothecary Rose (Rosa gallica officianalis), Ballerina, Belinda, Blanc Double de Coubert, Blush Noisette, Buff Beauty, Cecile Brunner, cli./bush, Celestial, Cornelia, Dortmund, Eglantine, Erfurt, Felicite Parmentier, Francis E. Lester, Frau Dagmar Hastrup, Golden Showers, cli., Green Rose, Hansa, Honorine de Brabant, Iceberg, bush and cli., Kathleen Harrop, Kazanlik, Konigen von Danemark, Lavender Lassie, Leverkusen, Louise Odier, Madame Hardy, Madame Isaac Periere, New Dawn, Old Blush, Paul's Lemon Pillar, Pax, Penelope, Queen of Denmark, Reine des Violettes, Robin Hood, Rosa Damascena Trigintipetala (Kazanlik), Rosa Gallica Officianalis, Rosa Mundi,Rosa Rugosa Alba and Rubra, Sally Holmes, Seven Sisters, Sombreuil, Therese Bugnet, Topaz Jewell, Veilchenblau, Westerland, White Dawn, White Pet, York and Lancaster, Zephirine Drouhin." |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Florence Mayer |
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Ground-cover, Hanging Basket |
Flower Carpet Pink |
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Exhib-ition, |
Foolish Pleasure |
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Bedding |
Forever Royal |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
Foster's Ruby Glow |
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Exhib-ition |
Fragrant Plum |
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G |
S |
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Bedding |
Gary Player |
Bedding, Edging Border |
42 x 30 |
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Bedding used by Gateshead Council in their parks |
Gateshead Festival Bred by Battersby Roses for the Gateshead Festival. |
Bedding, Climber, Hedge, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition, Spec-iman, Tolerant of poor Soil, Tolerant of Shade, Edging Border, Thornless Rose |
Sally Holmes |
45 x 36 |
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Exhib-ition, Grow in Pots |
Gemini |
Exhib-ition, Spec-iman |
Sandra |
48? x 48? |
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Bedding, Cut-flower |
Gold Glow |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
34 x 24 |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Golden Beryl |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
Satchmo |
30 x 24 |
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Bedding |
Golden Eureka |
48 x 32 |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
45 x 45 |
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Photos required of Light Yellow, ages to White Bloom |
Climber |
Goldfinch Almost Thornless |
Exhib-ition |
Sea of Fire |
40 x 32 |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Grace Sharington |
Bedding, Hedge, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition, Tolerant of Shade, Edging Border, Stand-ard Rose, Cover Banks |
Sexy Rexy |
30 x 24 |
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CLIMBER IN A TREE Some gardens have old trees of dubious purpose and dead tree trunks which could be put to the " use of supporting a climbing rose. Also some rather boring stretches of hedgerow, atractive only for their bird population, could well be enhanced by the addition of a few well-chosen vigorous climbing rose species. Nature does not provide for growing and flowering at the same time; thus without exception, all the vigorous tree-climbing roses flower only once each season. Some do have good autumn foliage and produce abundant hips to give colour later. As with the climbers for north walls, the most suitable, with 1 or 2 exceptions, are white, cream or yellow in colour. Size of tree should not present a problem since some of the very vigorous climbers can reach 30' (9m) with ease. It is best to plant these roses a little distance, about 2' (60cm), from the trunk on the side of the tree with most light, giving them a helping hand initially with string or wire, until they can scamble their own way up through the branches. Bear in mind that, being vigorous, they need to make big roots. If soil is poor, as so often under trees, give them a good start by adding a pocket of good soil at planting time and apply plenty of water at the height of summer. See Climber in a Tree Page for 11 older Roses suitable for growing up into Trees and Hedgerows. Because the tree's roots will extend from the trunk to the drip-line from the end of the branches, Chris would suggest that the rose is planted outside that drip-line so that its roots do not compete with the roots of that tree. |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Edging Border |
24 x 48 |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition, Edging Border |
Shirynne Cowan |
28 x 20 |
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Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Exhib-ition, Spec-iman |
Show Stopper |
36 x 36 |
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Cut-flower, Exhib-ition |
Solar Flare |
28 x 16 |
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Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots, Tolerant of Shade, Edging Border |
22 x 20 |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
St John |
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Exhib-ition |
Standing Ovation |
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H |
S continued |
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Exhib-ition |
Hannah Gordon |
Bedding |
Starry Eyed |
40 x 40 |
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Hedge |
Hansa The Swedish Rose Society recommends Hansa for northern Sweden. |
Bedding |
Stephanie Diane |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots |
Happy Times |
Open Bud Juvenile Flower Middle-aged Flower |
Exhib-ition, |
Stephen Rulo |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Hazel McCallion This rose is named for Mississauga, Ontario, Canada's locally revered and internationally honored Mayor, Hazel McCallion. She is 85 years old and has been Mayor of Mississauga since 1978. |
Climber, Shrub |
Sunrise |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Heather Sproul |
Exhib-ition, |
Sunset Strip |
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Open Bud
Middle-aged Flower Mature Flower |
Exhib-ition, Cut-flower |
Hollywood Star Hollywood Star is a "Phototropic" Exhibition Rose which may display a wide range of color variations depending on the amount of sunlight it receives. Spray carefully as the foliage may be damaged from excessive spraying. |
Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Sweet Lissie |
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Exhib-ition, |
Hot Princess |
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I |
T |
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Exhib-ition, |
Ingrid |
Exhib-ition, Bedding |
The Wainwright Rose Named after Alfred Wainwright, author and painter of Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells. |
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Bedding |
Ivory Romantica |
36 x 32 |
Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
The Yorkshire Regiment "Money from the sale of every 'The Yorkshire Regiment' will be donated to 'The Yorkshire Regiment Association'" from R.V. Roger |
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Exhib-ition |
Ivory Silk |
20 x 16 |
Middle-aged Flower White petals overlaid with a strong marbling of hot pink |
Exhib-ition |
Triple Delight |
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J |
UV |
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Bedding |
Jean Rosen-krantz |
Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Unbridled |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Journey's End |
Bedding, Cut-flower, Grow in Pots |
Veterans' Honor |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, |
Joy |
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Exhib-ition |
Julia's Kiss |
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Bedding |
Julie Derwanz |
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K |
W |
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Bedding, Cut-flower |
Kathryn Almost Thornless |
Exhib-ition, |
Whirlaway |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding |
Korbasta |
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L |
W continued with XYZ |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower, Speciman |
Leading Lady |
Bedding |
White Perfumella |
36 x 32 |
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Bedding, Cut-flower |
Lets Dance |
Open Bud Juvenile Flower Middle-aged Flower Mature Flower |
Bedding, Exhib-ition |
Whitley Bay |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots |
Light Fantastic |
Juvenile Flower Middle-aged Flower Mature Flower |
Exhib-ition |
Wimi |
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Bedding, Grow in Pots |
Little White Pet "White Pet is sometimes known as Little Dot in New Zealand. [From A Year of Roses, by Stephen Scanniello, pp. 146-147:] Tree roses, also called standard roses, are often displayed to their best advantage when planted in containers. Tree roses come in heights anywhere from two feet high (most common with miniature roses) to over six feet. There are two forms of standard roses available. One is the common form of a long stem supporting a bushy display of roses, sort of like a large lollipop. The other is a weeping standard, the only style I think worth using. Tree roses are created by attaching three buds of a rose cultivar to a long straight stem of another rose. The most common stem stock to use is an unnamed rugosa rose variety. Other roses have been used for creating standards, but the rugosa seems to be the strongest, surviving the longest." from Help Me Find |
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Liverpool Echo |
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Exhib-ition, Bedding, Grow in Pots, Cut-flower |
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ROSES NOTED FOR FRAGRANCE "The Roses of Yesterday and Today Garden in California, which has developed with the help of four generations of the Wiley/Stemler family, has more than 230 rose varieties on display. Picnic tables are available. It has compiled this list:- Abraham Darby, Aloha, cli., Alchymist, Aloha, Angel Face, America, cli. Belle de Crecy, Blanc Double de Coubert, Blush Noisette, Buff Beauty, Cardinal de Richelieu, Celestial, Celsiana, Chapeau de Napolean (Crested Moss), Comte de Chambord, Cecile Brunner, cli. or reg., Cornelia, Coquette des Blanches, Country Dancer, Dainty Bess, Distant Drums, Don Juan, cli., Dortmund, cli., Double Delight, Felicite Parmentier, Fragrant Cloud, Francis E. Lester, Gloire de Dijon, Golden Showers, cli., Graham Thomas, Gruss an Aachen, Hansa, Henri Martin, Heritage, Jacques Cartier, Just Joey, Kathleen Harrop, Konigen von Danemark, Lady Hillingdon, Lamarque, La Reine, Lavender Lassie, La Ville de Bruxelles, Louise Odier, Madame Alfred Carreire, Madame De La Roche-Lambert, Madame Hardy, Madame Isaac Periere, Madame Pierre Oger, Maman Cochet, cli., Mary Rose, Mister Lincoln, Mrs. John Laing, New Dawn, cli., Oskar Cordel, Othello, Paul Neyron, Paul's Lemon Pillar, Penelope, Quatre Saison, Queen of Denmark, Robin Hood, Rosa Damascena Trigintipetala (Kazanlik), Rosa Gallica Officianalis (Apothecary Rose), Rosa Mundi, Rosa Alba Semi-plena, Rose a Parfum de l'Hay, Seven Sisters, Shot Silk, cl., Sombreuil, Souvenir de la Malmaison,, Stainless Steel, Sterling Silver, Tamora, The Prince, The Squire, White Dawn, cl., York and Lancaster, Zephirine Drouhin. Spacing Between Roses in America - Hybrid Tea, Grandiflora, Floribunda, Compact and Average Varieties - 2 to 2 1/2 feet apart. Hybrid Tea, Grandiflora, Floribunda, Tall Varieties - 2 1/2 to 3 feet apart. Low-Growing Shrubs - 3-4 feet. Shrubs - 4 to 6 feet or half of expected height apart. Climbers and Ramblers, trained horizontally - 8-10 feet apart" -------- Mottisfont Rose Gardens It is still regarded as a masterclass in how to combine roses with other plants:- Our walled garden is one of the most famous rose gardens in the world, forming a range of colouring, style and fragrance that has never been surpassed. Created by Graham Stuart Thomas in the 1970s - one of the most important figures in 20th century British horticulture - it is home to many varieties that may otherwise have become extinct. If you’re inspired by the scented sights of our gardens and want to try growing roses yourself, here are some top tips from Assistant Head Gardener Jonny Bass:-
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BEDDING From Peter Beales Roses An illustrated encyclopaedia and grower's handbook of species roses, old roses and modern roses, shrub roses and climbers by Peter Beales (ISBN 0-00-272178-3) Published 1992:- " By far and away the best roses for bedding are Floribundas. They start flowering in late June and continue in flower until the first frost of November. As they come in all sizes, however, they are most effective when only one variety is grown en masse; and this applies not just in parks and large gardens but in small gardens too... because... it is very difficult to get an even height throughout any wide-ranging mixture. See Bedding Page for 20 widely available HYBRID TEAs for Border Bedding. |
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CLIMBER / PILLAR "For a formal structure, rough-sawn timber is the least expensive of the prepared materials and should likewise be ready-treated with preservative. Upright poles or posts should be a minimum thickness of 4" (10cm) and should always be sunk at least 2' (60cm) into the ground. Rails and cross-members can be thinner than this but not less than 2" (5cm). Since the principal purpose of such structures is to provide support for climbing roses which will eventually cover them almost completely, the pattern created by criss-crossing timber need not - unless so desired - be very elaborate. What is important, in order to ensure long life, is the quantity and quality of the upright poles placed in the ground. The spacing of these poles is therefore crucial. The best rustic trellis has uprights placed at about 6' (1.8m) intervals. Rustic arches should be well anchored in the soil at each corner." Ordinary trellis should be 1" (2.5cm) x 1" (2.5cm) timber in 6" (15cm) squares to carry the weight of the roses. A more simple form of support for climbers and ramblers is post and wire. 4" x 4" Posts can be set at 6' (1.8m) apart before attaching chainlink fencing from 2' (60cm) to 5' (1.5m) in height up the 6' above ground post. All end or corner posts should have additional straining posts to enable the chainlink to be stretched tightly. See Climber / Pillar page for 10 Good old-fashioned Rambers for Trellis and Arch. See Climber / Pillar page for 10 Good older Climbers for Trellises and Arches. Climbing roses, if grown on walls, will need support. Starting at 18" (45cm) above ground drill holes in the centre of the brick to take screw-eyes in their plastic plugs. Vertically every 4th brick and then horizontally every second brick will provide the neccessary support structure. The top and bottom rows with each end column of short vine-eyes should have its screw thread fully screwed into the plug to provide a secure unbending vine-eye so that the wire can be stretched tightly between each end of each row. Then, the remaining 4" long screw-eyes with their 1" length of screw thread should have their screw thread fully screwed into the plug to give a 2" gap behind the wire stretched in the vine-eyes to allow air ventilation for the roses. See Climber / Pillar page for 10 Good older Climbers and Rambers for colder shaded North-facing Walls. |
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Ivydene Gardens Other Roses S-Z Gallery: |
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Click for further details on WISLEY WISLEY Rose Plant Classification System:- Rosa Wisley 2008 'AUSbreeze' is:-
Normal Rose Plant Classification System:- Now you should not confuse the above system with the usual retail name of Rosa 'Wisley 2008' (Ausbreeze) by Austin Roses where
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Roses in this Gallery Rose Name Link followed by Rose Colour Link on next line:- Other followed by Rose Use:- Arc for Arch, Pergola
Flower Shape Petal Count If there is no colour following the plant name, this indicates that this name is either .......................
Rose INDEX Page includes bloom colour thumbnail, rose use, height and width with link to its Rose Description Page. |
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"Roses UK is a joint marketing venture between BARB (British Association Of Rose Breeders) and the British Rose Group of the HTA (previously known as the British Rose Growers Association) aimed at maintaining and increasing the profile of the nation's favourite flower, the rose, through promotional activities. Amongst its major activities is included responsibility for the organisation of the annual rose festival held at the RHS Hampton Court Palace Flower Show. Roses UK also manages the Rose of the Year trials - a competition that has been running since 1982 and one that is designed to select, through nationwide trials, the best of new rose introductions, entered by professional rose breeders, for a given year. The Gold Standard Rose Trial, independently managed by NIAB (National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge) on behalf of the British Association of Rose Breeders (BARB) is also promoted by Roses UK. ROSES UK IS NEITHER A RETAILER NOR WHOLESALER OF ROSES". |
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The Royal National Rose Society is "is not only the world’s oldest specialist plant society but the foremost global authority on the cultivation and care of the rose. Established in 1876, the RNRS now has a membership that spans the globe and includes many affiliated horticultural societies and research libraries, as well as thousands of rose- loving individuals. Today, the RNRS is best known for its flagship Gardens of the Rose at Chiswell Green in Hertfordshire, on the outskirts of St Albans. Opened 50 years ago by the then Patron of the Society, the Princess Royal, The Gardens of the Rose offer five acres of stunning displays of tens of thousands of roses, both traditional and contemporary, complemented by a huge selection of companion plants. A major objective is the administration of the RNRS International rose trials which are open to both professional and amateur rose breeders. Visit our International Rose Trials page for some background to the trialling process. The Society is also recognised as a governing body in the administration of showing and judging roses in the UK. Visit our shows area page for details of forthcoming events." |
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"Find That Rose, the guide for rose lovers in the UK is now in its 31st year (2014). This website is based on the variety and Growers details, and also gives you planting and care advice. There are roses for every situation. Breeders over the last decade or so have increased the choice with Patio/Courtyard climbers...suitable for the smaller gardens where taller and wider climbers are just too big. The Book Find That Rose is designed to: Help you find the rose of your choice To help you contact specialist Rose Growers and suppliers Discover who supplies roses mail order Advise you which rose growers export Help retailers and local authorities find a wholesale grower Details of the 31st Edition of Find That Rose….. the book: Listing approx. 3,550 varieties available in the UK Approximately 200 new varieties listed in the 31st Edition. 46 growers/suppliers featured. New for the 31st Edition - Dates of Variety Introductions. Help in tracing a variety with a particular Christian name, or one for a special event. Details on where you can see roses in bloom this summer. All this and a Rose Discount voucher towards purchases of roses from select members. To get the full pictures… i.e. the Book Find That Rose see request a Brochure" |
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Companion Plants for Roses:-
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Site design and content copyright ©October 2014. Updated flower colour page links from Rose Plant Gallery to Rose Plant 2 Gallery June 2024. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services is not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
"Pruning roses - the sissinghurst method Pruning roses the Sissinghurst way helps create those wonderful fountains of roses you see in summer gardens - delicious-smelling, out-of-control geysers of flowers that effuse all over the garden. Pruning roses like this means you don't get those boring little twiggy bushes, all leg and no body, surrounded by bare ground. The Sissinghurst rose pruning technique originated at Cliveden with the Astors' head gardener Jack Vass, who moved to Sissinghurst in 1939. Vita Sackville-West loved her roses, particularly the dark, rich Gallicas such as 'Charles de Mills', 'Tuscany Superb' and 'Cardinal de Richelieu', but it was Jack Vass who started to grow them in this exceptional way, and roses have been pruned and trained like this at Sissinghurst ever since. Other National Trust properties send their gardeners here to learn this ingenious technique. The rose pruning philosophy can be summed up as "treat them mean, keep them keen". If you put every stem of a rose plant under pressure, bending and stressing it, the rose will flower more prolifically. The plant's biochemistry tells the bush it's on the way out and so needs to make as many flowers as possible. THE SISSINGHURST ROSE PRUNING TECHNIQUE Climbers and ramblers The rose pruning season at Sissinghurst starts in November with the climbers and ramblers that cover almost every one of the terracotta brick walls. First, the gardeners cut off most of that year's growth. This keeps the framework of the rose clear and prevents the plant from becoming too woody. Next, large woody stems are taken out - almost to the base - to encourage new shoots. These will flower the following year. The remaining branches are re-attached to the wall, stem by stem, starting from the middle of the plant, working outwards, with the pruned tip of each branch bent down and attached to the one below. Climbers such as 'Paul's Lemon Pillar' are a bit more reluctant than ramblers like 'Albertine' and the famous Rosa mulliganii on the frame in the centre of the White Garden, which are very bendy and easy to train. Shrub roses Once the wall roses are done, it's the turn of the border shrubs. They should be pruned before they come into leaf to prevent leaf buds and shoots from being damaged as their stems are manipulated. Depending on their habit, shrub roses are trained in one of three ways. The tall, rangy bushes with stiffer branches (such as 'Charles de Mills', 'Ispahan', 'Gloire de France', 'Cardinal de Richelieu' and 'Camayeux') are twirled up a frame of four chestnut or hazel poles. Every pruned tip is bent and attached to a length below. The big leggy shrubs, which put out great, pliable, triffid arms that are easy to tie down and train, are bent on to hazel hoops arranged around the skirts of the plant. Roses with this lax habit include 'Constance Spry', 'Fantin-Latour', 'Zéphirine Drouhin', 'Madame Isaac Pereire', 'Coupe d'Hébé', 'Henri Martin' and 'Souvenir du Dr Jamain'. All the old and diseased wood is removed and then, stem by stem, last year's wood is bent over and tied onto the hazel hoop. You start at the outside of the plant and tie that in first and then move towards the middle, using the plant's own branches to build up the web and - in the case of 'Constance Spry' and 'Henri Martin' - create a fantastic height, one layer domed and attached to the one below. Without any sign of a flower, this looks magnificent as soon as it's complete, and in a couple of months, each stem, curved almost to ground level, will flower abundantly. That leaves just the contained, well behaved, less prolific varieties ('Petite de Hollande', 'Madame Knorr', 'Chapeau de Napoléon', ( syn. Rosa x centifolia 'Cristata') and those that produce branches too stiff to bend ('Felicia' and the newish David Austin rose, 'William Shakespeare 2000'). These are pruned hard, then each bush is attached to a single stake, cut to about the height of the pruned bush and attached by twine. Without the stake, even these will topple under the weight of their summer growth. For those who live in the North, where some roses are yet to leaf, you could get bending now. If your roses are already too advanced for this year, come and see how it's all done at Sissinghurst." from Sarah Raven. |
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"The 5 P’s For Easy Rose Growing 1. Planning 2. Preparation 3. Planting 4. Pruning 5. Preservation Planning Try to plan well in advance of purchasing your roses. Roses come in a multitude of sizes, habits and colours. They prefer a sunny position and a neutral or slightly acidic well drained soil. Certain roses will tolerate differing degrees of shade and some will thrive in poor soils. Do your homework. Preparation The area to be planted should be free of weeds and deeply dug with the addition of plenty of organic matter such as well rotted farmyard manure or garden compost plus bonemeal. Soil that has previously grown roses should be removed to a depth of 45cms and replaced with fresh soil from elsewhere. This should be completed well before planting to allow the soil to settle. Planting Bare root roses can be planted from November until March provided the soil is workable. Dig a hole large enough to accommodate the roots. Mix a handful of bonemeal with the excavated soil. Spread the roots out in the hole and gradually replace the soil firming well so the union (where the shoots meet the roots) is 2-3 cms. below the soil, water well. If conditions are very wet or frosty when your roses arrive they can be kept unopened in their packaging for a week or more and planted as soon as things improve. Pruning This is a way to maintain a healthy, productive and well balanced plant. Different types of roses require different strategies so see the group headings on the website for more detailed pruning guides. Always use sharp secateurs or loppers and try to prune just above an outward facing bud (where the leaf stalk meets the stem) with a cut sloping down away from the bud. Remove any dead, damaged or diseased wood before pruning. Preservation Roses can be long lived plants provided they are properly maintained. They require plenty of moisture and nutrients to stay healthy and flourish. In dry spells water well, especially in the first few years after planting. The application of a deep mulch in the spring will help to retain water. Feed twice a year on heavy soils (March and June) and more regularly on lighter soils with a good rose fertilizer or fish blood and bone. Pests and diseases are best controlled with good husbandry. There are some good organic products on the market now that can be used to help maintain your plants health. Any suckers (shoots growing from the rootstock) should be pulled off (not cut) as soon as possible." from Trevor White Old Fashioned Roses. |
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"The archetypal flower reads from outside in – sepals (often green), then petals, male stamen and finally the central female parts. In the single dahlia stamens with their yellow pollen which is available for honeybees to collect, can be seen clearly. Pollen provides most of the protein in a bee’s diet. Double flowers, stamens have been transformed into extra petals for a fuller, showier bloom. The lack of pollen means pollination cannot occur and the flower remains open for longer, waiting. Both of these features have made double flowers attractive to horticulturists and much energy has been put into breeding double varieties. Highly bred cultivars are much more likely to be doubles than their species (natural) counterparts. Plants with the name ‘flore pleno’ should ring warning bells as it means ‘with a full flower’ and will almost certainly mean it is a double. Nectaries (rarely visible) store nectar which provides the carbohydrate part of a bee’s diet. They are easier to access in single flowers than in doubles. Some plant species are good honey bee plants in their single form but not when bred as doubles: Hawthorn (Crataegus ‘Paul’s Scarlet‘), Japanese anemones (Anemone x hybrida), Geums – semi-double cultivars ‘Miss Bradshaw’ and ‘Lady Stratheden’, Cinquefoil (Potentilla), Clematis (such as the strange ‘Viennetta’) and Hollyhock (Alcea rosea). For rose fans you may want to learn that only the species roses (Dog rose Rosa canina and R. rugosa) offer food (pollen only) for honeybees. It is understandable that having as much colour, for as long as possible, has been a priority in British gardens prone as they are to the blanketing green of a wet summer. The fact that plant breeding has followed the demand of gardeners makes simple economic sense. It is nature that is beginning to suffer however. Breeding away pollen serves neither the plant species, as it can’t reproduce itself, nor the insects whose main source of protein it is. The question is, can designers influence public taste sufficiently for nurseries to change their ways or would it put the breeders out of a job?" from Beeginner Beekeeper.
Anagallis monellii 'Skylover Blue' has Single Flowers whereas Dahlia 'Blue Wish' has Double Flowers (details about Double Flowers in row further down), which has many more petals:- |
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The following details come from Cactus Art:- "A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female). Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds. Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube. Androecium (male Parts or stamens) Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil) It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures. Stigma This is the part of the pistil which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. Style This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of. Ovary The part of the plant that contains the ovules. Ovule The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. Petal The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla). Sepal The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix). (Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)" -------- The following details come from Nectary Genomics:- "NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins. NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate. WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%." |
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Further details on other plants, which are bee-pollinated rather than wind-pollinated:- |
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Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index. Click on the OOO in the Index below to link to those bee-pollinated plants of that flower colour in that month or any of Enumber indicates Empty Index Page. |
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Inner circle of Grey is 12 months of Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour |
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Bulb and Perennial Height from Text Border |
Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms) |
Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms) |
Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms) |
Red = 36-72 inches (90- 180 cms) |
Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms) |
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Shrub Height from Text Border |
Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms) |
Blue = 12-36 inches (30-90 cms) |
Green = 36-60 inches (90- 150 cms) |
Red = 60-120 inches (150- 300 cms) |
Black = 120+ inches (300+ cms) |
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Tree Height from Text Border |
Brown = 0-240 inches (0- 600 cms) |
Blue = 240- 480 inches (600- 1200 cms) |
Green = 480+ inches (1200 + cms) |
Red = Potted |
Black = Use in Small Garden |
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Climber Height from Text Border |
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Blue = 0-36 inches (0-90 cms) |
Green = 36-120 inches (90-300 cms) |
Red = 120+ inches (300+ cms) |
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Bamboo, Bedding, Conifer, Fern, Grass, Herb, Rhododendron, Rose, Soft Fruit, Top Fruit, Vegetable and Wildflower Height from Text Border |
Blue = 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
Green = 24-72 inches (60- 180 cms) |
Red = 72+ inches (180+ cms) |
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Plant Soil Moisture from Text Background |
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"Soils vary enormously in characteristics, but the size of the particles that make up a soil defines its gardening characteristics:
The dominating particle size gives soil its characteristics and because the tiny clay particles have a huge surface area for a given volume of clay they dominate the other particles: Clay soils have over 25 percent clay. Also known as heavy soils, these are potentially fertile as they hold nutrients bound to the clay minerals in the soil. But they also hold a high proportion of water due to the capillary attraction of the tiny spaces between the numerous clay particles. They drain slowly and take longer to warm up in spring than sandy soils. Clay soils are easily compacted when trodden on while wet and they bake hard in summer, often cracking noticeably. Sandy soils have high proportion of sand and little clay. Also known as light soils, these soils drain quickly after rain or watering, are easy to cultivate and work. They warm up more quickly in spring than clay soils. But on the downside, they dry out quickly and are low in plant nutrients, which are quickly washed out by rain. Sandy soils are often very acidic. Silt soils, comprised mainly of intermediate sized particles, are fertile, fairly well drained and hold more moisture than sandy soils, but are easily compacted Loams are comprised of a mixture of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, well-drained and easily worked. They can be clay-loam or sandy-loam depending on their predominant composition and cultivation characteristics. Peat soils are mainly organic matter and are usually very fertile and hold much moisture. They are seldom found in gardens. Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are largely made up of calcium carbonate and are very alkaline." from Royal Horticultural Society . |
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The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:- "Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation.
There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America.
"Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph. |