Ivydene Gardens Plants:
Groundcover Plant
Name - H

The plants normally selected by most landscapers and designers are by nature low-growing, rampant, spreading, creep-crawly things and yet the concept of ground cover demands no such thing. The ideal description of a groundcover plant includes:-

• a bold dense mass of leaves completely covering the ground most of the year; evergreens gain gold stars.
• They should require little or no maintenance - if you have to give the plant more than its share of attention, you might as well save your money and spend the time weeding.
• use the plant on ground areas that are difficult to maintain, such as steep banks or boggy patches.
• use the plant to cover areas where not much will grow, such as deep shade or sandy soils.

Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie (ISBN 1 85626 326 6) provides details of plants that fulfill the above requirements.

Using these groundcover plants in your planting scheme (either between your trees/shrubs in the border or for the whole border) will - with mulching your beds to a 4 inch depth and an irrigation system - provide you with a planted garden with far less time required for border maintenance.
Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses gallery provides Landscaping List by Use pages which include some of these ground-cover plants. Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 provides the planting site pages for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials.

Plants for Ground-Cover by Graham Stuart Thomas. Published by J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd in 1970 - reprinted (with further revisions) in 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1. This gives details on many more ground cover plants with inclusion (in the Index) of figures denoting the Hardiness Zones for each species in the United States of America.

Plant Name

with link to page with photos and mail-order nursery in Comments Row

Type

with link to mail-order nursery in UK

Height x Spread in inches (cms)

Foliage

with link to mail-order nursery in USA

Flower Colour in Month(s).

Use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected groundcover plant or deter its pests

Comments

United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. Zone 5-9 indicates that the minimum zone temperature this plant will grow is 5 and top minimum zone temperature is 9 - above this number is too hot or below 5 is too cold for the plant. If your zone in your area of your country is within that range or your zone number is greater, then you can grow it in your garden.

Halimium lasianthum
(Halimium formosum)

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 60 (90 x 150)

Grey-Green

Golden-Yellow in
June-July

Low-spreading from Spain and Portugal. Suitable to coastal gardens.
Full Sun
Zones 8-9
Fertile, well-drained soil

Hamamelis x intermedia 'Pallida'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x 120 (360 x 300)

Mid-Green in Spring and Summer, Yellow in Autumn

Sulphur-
Yellow February-March

Fragrant flowers appear on bare twigs in winter and their autumn foliage
Full Sun
Zones 4-9
fertile, moist, but well-drained, loamy, acid soil

Hamamelis x intermedia 'Jelena'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

Bright Green in Spring and Summer, Orange, Red and Scarlet in Autumn

Coppery-Orange in
January-February

Fragrant flowers appear on bare twigs in winter and their autumn foliage
Full Sun
Zones 4-9
fertile, moist, but well-drained, loamy, acid soil

Hebe 'Autumn Glory'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Dark Green with Red margins

Deep Purple-Blue in
August-January

There are over 100 species of Hebe native to New Zealand and nearby islands, with a couple in Chile. In warm climates they grow equally well in Full Sun or Shade; in cooler climates Full Sun is preferred. They like moist but well-drained soil and the broad-leafed types benefit from a post flowering trim.

Hebe 'Youngii'

Evergreen Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

8 x 12
(20 x 30)

Dark Green, sometimes Red-margined

Violet in
July-September

Hebe 'Great Orme'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 48 (120 x 120)

Glossy
Mid- Green

Bright Pink in August-November

Hebe brachysiphon 'White Gem'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Mid to Dark Green

White in August

Hebe 'James Stirling'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 24 (60 x 60)

Ochre-Gold Yellow

White in
May-June

Hebe 'Pagei'

Evergreen Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

8 x 30
(20 x 75)

Grey

White in
May-June

Hebe x franciscana

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Dark Green

...

Hebe x franciscana 'Blue Gem'
(Hebe latifolia)

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 48 (60 x 120)

Mid-Green

Violet-Blue in
July-December

Spreading shrub.
Full Sun
Zones 8-10
Moist but well-drained soil

Hebe x franciscana 'Variegata'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Dull Dark Green broadly margined Creamy-White

Purple in
july-November

Hedera canariensis

Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x indefinite (360 x indefinite)

Glossy Bright Green

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Canary Island Ivy, North African Ivy". Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Suitable for a sheltered wall, which is not part of a house (non-building wall). It spreads rapidly, rooting as it goes.

Ivies are marvellous as ground-covering plants in that they are all evergreen and the ability to take over any site. While they prefer an alkaline soil, they are prepared to put up with just about any conditions short of a waterlogged bog.

Hedera colchica

Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

360 x 180 (900 x 450)

Dark Green

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Bullock's Heart Ivy, Persian Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Suitable for ground cover or for a large non-building wall.
Small-leaved ivies (hedera) make handsome hanging plants indoors. Several containers staggered at different heights can provide privacy or eliminate an unattractive view. Hang some inside and outside the same window to create a sense of depth.
Let a variety of Vincas tumble out of pots tucked into the drawers of an old chest or worktable.
Pot some honeysuckle (Lonicera) and hang it outdoors to create a living hummingbird feeder.

Hedera colchica
'Dentata Variegata'

Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

Light Green, mottled Grey-Green, and broadly margined Creamy-White

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Suitable for ground cover or for a large non-building wall.

Ivies can be used as a lawn substitute, carpeting beneath shade trees, and protective covering of slopes, -it can also climb anything.

Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart'

Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

Mid-Green , suffused with Creamy-Yellow

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Good for a non-building wall.

Ivies can be trained over topiary forms to create an umbrella tree, christmas wreath, a cone-shaped christmas tree or other shape in a pot. These pots can then be plunged in the bedding area during the summer to provide height to the arrangement. Recommended cultivars are 'Hahn's', 'Maple Queen', 'California', 'California Gold', 'Golde Heart' and 'Glacier'.

Hedera helix
'Green Ripple'

Evergreen Climber 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 120 (180 x 300)

Mid-Green

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Common Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Good for a non-building wall.

Hedera helix
'Ivalace'

Evergreen Climber 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 48 (90 x 120)

Dark Green

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Excellent all-round ivy for a low non-building wall, or as ground cover.

Hedera hibernica

Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

360 x 240 (900 x 600)

Dark Green

Yellowish-Green in
October-November

"Irish Ivy".
Black, Orange or Yellow fruits are valuable winter food source for birds. Usefull for a non-building wall or as fast-growing ground cover. It just loves the shade.

Hedysarum coronarium

Biennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 24 (90 x 60)

Mid-Green

Very Fragrant Deep Red in
April-June

"French Honeysuckle". Sweetly scented flowers for the back of a border, attracting butterflies and making good cut flowers.
Full Sun
Zone 4
Light sandy or chalky soil. Avoid disturbing plant once established. Food for honey bees in southern Europe, and may be found naturalized along chalky motorway banks. From the western Mediterranean and Italy.

Helenium
'Bressingham Gold'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 24 (90 x 60)

Mid-Green

Gold, Crimson and Brown in
August-September

"Sneezeweed". A good cut flower. Clump-forming.
Full Sun
Zone 3
rich, moisture-retentive soil. From damp grassland, streamsides and woodland edges in Noth and Central America.

Companions - crocosmia, rudbeckia, achillea, artemisia, monarda, solidago, tall grasses, phlox, anthemis

Helianthemum apenninum

Evergreen Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 24 (40 x 60)

Grey-Green

White with Yellow anthers in
June-August

"Rock Rose, Sun Rose".
Sun roses do very well in rock gardens, either cascading over and around rocks or tucked into pockets

Helianthemum
'Rhodanthe Carneum'
(Helianthemum 'Wisley Pink')

Evergreen Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Silver-Grey

Pale Pink in
June-August

Helianthemum
'Wisley Primrose'

Evergreen Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Grey-Green

Pale Primrose-Yellow with deep Golden-Yellow centres in
June-August

One of the best of the Rock Roses, quickly spreading over the ground.

Helianthus annuus

Annual above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

160 x 24 (150 x 60)

Mid to Dark Green

Yellow ray-florets and Brown disc florets in
August-September

"Sunflower". Clump-forming
Full Sun
Fertile, well-drained chalk soil

Helianthus companions - arundo donax, rudbeckia, aster, solidago, miscanthus, cortaderia selloana.

Helianthus x multiflorus

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 36 (180 x 90)

Dark Green

Yellow-Brown in
September-November

"Sunflower". Clumps should be top-dressed annually with garden compost, and divided every 3 or 4 years in spring to maintain vigour or to control spread.
Full Sun
Zone 3-9
Fertile, well-drained chalk soil

Helianthus x multiflorus
'Loddon Gold'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 36 (150 x 90)

Dark Green

Rich Yellow in
September-November

"Sunflower". Clumps should be top-dressed annually with garden compost, and divided every 3 or 4 years in spring to maintain vigour or to control spread.
Good cut flower
Full Sun
Zone 3-9
Fertile, well-drained chalk soil

Helichrysum italicum subsp. serotinum

Evergreen Perennial below 2 feet

6 x 6
(15 x 15)

Silvery-Grey

Bright Yellow in
June-August

Smells of curry which seems stronger after a shower of rain.

Helichrysum splendidum
(Helichrysum alveolatum, Helichrysum trileatum)

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 48 (120 x 120)

Silvery-Grey

Dark Yellow in
September-October

Dense shrub from mountains of Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape. It should be kept compact by regular pruning.
Full Sun
Zones 7-10
Gritty, well-drained soil that is not too fertile.

Heliopsis helianthoides

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 24 (120 x 60)

Mid-Green

Yellow in
August-October

Clump-forming, long-blooming and a good cut flower.
Full Sun
Zone 4-9
Fertile, well-drained soil. Native to Canada, mid- and eastern USA and Mexico.

Companions - Helenium, aster, phlox (white), monarda, late salvias, smaller miscanthus, solidago.

Heliopsis helianthoides
'Light of Loddon'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

42 x 24 (105 x 60)

Dark Green

Bright Yellow in
August-October

Clump-forming, long-blooming and a good cut flower.
Full Sun
Zone 4-9
Fertile, well-drained soil.

Cut heliopsis back to the ground in winter and top-dress with organic matter. Divide every 2-4 years to mantain vigour.

Helleborus argutifolius
(Helleborus corsicus)

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 36 (120 x 90)

Dark Green

Pale Green in
March-April

"Corsican Hellebore". It is short-lived and self-sows. Replace by seedlings after 4 or 5 years.
Full Sun
Zone 6-9
Well-drained soil.

Helleborus companions - viola, primula, ferns, hosta, polygonatum, arum, corydalis, ulmonaria, oxalis, galanthus and other spring bulbs, brunnera; helleborus foetidus and helleborus argutifolius look best on their own; plant helleborus niger in among a groundcover or mulch so the flowers stay clean

Helleborus foetidus

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 18 (75 x 45)

Dark Green

Green in
February-May

"Stinking Hellebore". Needs more alkaline soil and sun but avoid intense sun, self-sows. Can only be raised from seed.
Part Shade, preferably moist rather than dry
Zone 6-9
Well-drained chalk soil.

Helleborus niger

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Dark Green

White in
January-April

"Christmas Rose". Long blooming, but slugs are a problem. Slugs are deterred by Lithocarpus densiflorus, rosemarinus officinalis, helleborus niger, artemesia absinthum, or artemesia frigida (see Pest Control
using Plants).
Part Shade
Zone 4-8
Deep, humus-rich, well-drained but not dry or limy (chalky) soil. Prone to blackspot.

Helleborus orientalis

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Deep Green

White in
February-May

"Lenten Rose". Long blooming and long-lived. Clump-forming.
Part Shade
Zone 4-9
Well-drained soil.

When using helleborus as a cut flower, pierce up and down the stem with a pin and soak for several hours or overnight in the bathtub or kitchen sink (lay them in the water). Now they are ready for arranging and should last at least 2 weeks. All parts are poisonous.

Hemerocallis 'Aquamarine'

Evergreen Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

28 x 24 (70 x 60)

Dark Green

Lavender-Blue in
July

"Day Lily".
Hemerocallis prefer Full Sun of 4-6 hours in the morning - grown in full shade unlikely to grow flowers.
Zone 5
Moist, well-drained soil.

Daylilies make excellent cut flowers. Choose a stem with several ready-to-bloom buds. In the house the buds will open, one per day, lasting only one day.

Hemerocallis companions - grasses, crocosmia, nepeta, geranium, polygonum, persicaria; the summer border.
The American Hemerocallis Society has only got another 89,000 registered cultivars so there is hardly any choice.

Hemerocallis
'Catherine Woodbury'

Evergreen Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 24 (75 x 60)

Dark Green

Light Lavender-Pink in
August-September

"Day Lily".
Hemerocallis prefer Full Sun of 4-6 hours in the morning - grown in full shade unlikely to grow flowers.
Zone 5
Moist, well-drained soil.

Hemerocallis
'Mini Pearl'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 16 (40 x 40)

Glossy Dark Green

Pink-flushed White in
July-August

"Day Lily".
Hemerocallis prefer Full Sun of 4-6 hours in the morning - grown in full shade unlikely to grow flowers.
Zone 5
Moist, well-drained soil.

Hepatica nobilis

Semi-Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 6
(10 x 15)

Mid-Green

White, Pink or Blue in
April

Clump-forming in woodland slopes in North America, Europe and Asia. New leaves appear after flowers
Part Shade
Zone 4-8
Well-drained soil containing plenty of humus. Mulch annually in autumn with fine leafmould, fine composted bark or well-rotted garden compost. These plants do not like being moved.

Companions - anemone nemorosa, helleborus, omphalodes, trillium, primula, ferns, erythronium; the spring woodland garden

Hesperis matronalis

Herbaceous Biennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 24 (75 x 60)

Dark Green

White in
June-August

"Sweet Rocket, Dame's Violet". Naturalized by hedgerows, rivers and woods. Self-sows
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zone 4-9
Most soils including chalk

Companions - alchemilla, lupinus, lunaria rediviva, euphorbia, tulips, tall alliums, digitalis purpurea, smyrnium. leave seedheads on to ripen 9takes a long time), or cut back for repeat bloom before they set seed.

Heuchera
'Green Ivory'

Evergreen Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 30 (75 x 75)

Dark Green

Green in
July

"Alum Root, Coralbells".
Light Shade
Zone 4-9
Fertile, well-drained, alkaline soil - chalk or sand

Heuchera companions - artemisia, hemerocallis, ferns, hosta, geum, smaller geraniums, campanula, carex (especially the gold and orange forms), astilbe, rodgersia, spring bulbs, scilla, muscari, smaller iris, galanthus. Heucheras can suffer weevils which are normally repelled by nepeta cataria or allium sativum planted amongst them.

Heuchera flowers are attractive to bees and butterflies and last for 14 days in water. The leaves are excellent in arrangements and last from 4 to 6 weeks. If a number of different heucheras are grown in the same garden, they are likely to cross with each other and so not come true from seed.

A distinctive ground cover for small areas. They are good edging plants for perennial borders in which roses, delphiniums, peonies and similar plants grow.

Heuchera
'Red Spangles'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

20 x 10 (50 x 25)

Dark Green marbled with Pale Green

Scarlet-Crimson in
July-September

Light Shade
Zone 4
Fertile, well-drained, alkaline soil - chalk or sand

Heuchera micrantha
'Palace Purple'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Deep Purple

White in
June-August

Light Shade
Zone 4
Fertile, well-drained, alkaline soil - chalk or sand

Heuchera x Heucherella alba 'Bridget Bloom'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Mid-Green

White in
May-November

Excellent Ground cover. Clump-forming.
Zone 4-9

x heucherella companions - viola, arisarum, arum, smaller bulbs, helleborus, geranium, brunnera, dicentra, hosta, polygonum; a good plant for colour contrast or echo.
Slugs are deterred by Lithocarpus densiflorus, rosemarinus officinalis, helleborus niger, artemesia absinthum, or artemesia frigida (see Pest Control
using Plants).
Weevils are normally repelled by nepeta cataria or allium sativum planted amongst the heucherellas.

Heuchera x Heucherella tiarelloides

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Light Green

Pink in
May-July

Excellent Ground cover. Stoloniferous. Steadily creeping mound.
Light Shade
Zone 4-9
Well-drained neutral sandy soil. High soil ferility will give much better growth and longer life.

Hibiscus syriacus
'Blue Bird'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 84 (300 x 210)

Dark Green

Bright Blue in
August-October

May suffer from aphids, mealybugs and white fly.

"Blue Hibiscus, Rose of Sharon". From temperate Asia. Prune to shape in the first 2 years of growth, trimming lightly thereafter to mantain compact form.
Full Sun
Zones 5-10
Slightly acid, well-drained soil. Water regularly and feed during the flowering period. Trim after flowering to mantain shape.
 

Hibiscus syriacus
'Hamabo'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 84 (300 x 210)

Dark Green

Pink and Crimson in
August-October

Hibiscus syriacus
'William R Smith'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 84 (300 x 210)

Dark Green

White in
August-October

Hippophae rhamnoides

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

156 x 84 (390 x 210)

Silvery-Green

Yellow in
April

"Sea Buckthorn". Bushy arching habit found along the coast or river banks and in sandy woodlands within Asia and northern Europe. Very narrow silvery green leaves with paler insides appear after the flowers
Full Sun
Zones 2-9
tolerates dry or very sandy soil.

Horminum pyrenaicum

Deciduous Rhizome Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

8 x 12
(20 x 30)

Glossy Dark Green

Dark Violet-Blue in
July-September

"Dragon-s Mouth, Pyrenean Dead Nettle". Shiny, leathery leaves that form basal rosettes.

Hosta 'August Moon'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

20 x 30 (50 x 75)

Pale Green becoming Golden-Yellow

Greyish-White in
July-September

"Plantain Lily, Funkia".
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage to remain yellow
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta companions - ferns, bulbs, astilbe, dicentra, hemerocallis, iris, grasses, helleborus, hakonechloa, luzula, geranium, polygonatum, primula. Good alone as a container plant: police for slugs, feed them on a regular basis with a water-soluble, mixable fertiliser - they make fantastic show plants.

Hosta 'Big Daddy'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Grey-Blue

Greyish-White in
July

Ground Cover. Very floriferous, robust, big plant. Slug-resistant, heavily corrugated foliage.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only.

The different colour of leaves of Hostas are almost indispensable for flower arranging.

Companion - Behind dramatic clumps of this puckered foliage can be contrastingly golden-green, lacily divided, shuttlecock fern Atteuccia struthiopteris, which spreads to develop a network of roots throwing up elegant ostrich fern fronds.

Hosta 'Blue Umbrellas'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Blue-Green

Greyish-White in
August

Ground Cover. Fast grower, big plant
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only.

Hostas make superb plants for containers. A mature hosta carries an enormous amount of foliage and this foliage loses a great deal of moisture. So why not use Amberol Self Watering Planters in your garden, where you can top up every day. Besides the big hostas many of the smallest cultivars can be sited by doorways or on shady patios where they can be appreciated at close quarters.

Hosta 'Golden Tiara'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 20 (30 x 50)

Mid-Green

Deep Purple in
July-September

Ground Cover. Vigorous. Use for edging.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta 'Ground Master'

Deciduous Stolon Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

10 x 22 (25 x 55)

Matt, Olive-Green

Purple in
July-September

Ground Cover. Prostrate, good en masse, vigorous.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta 'Halycon'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

15 x 28 (37 x 70)

Bright Grey-Blue

Lavender-Grey in
July-September

Ground Cover. The standard blue hosta, upright, best in shade.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Slugs and snails tend to avoid those hostas with thick foliage, usually preferring plants with thinner more tender leaves. You can use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected groundcover plant or deter its pests. These hostas, although not immune to slug damage, are relatively resistant:-
'Abiqua Drinking Gourd', 'Big Daddy', 'Ble Angel', 'Blue Dimples', Blue Mammoth', 'Blue Moon', 'Blue Umbrellas', 'Blue Wedgewood', 'Dorsert Blue', 'Fragrant Bouquet', 'Gold Edger', 'Gold Regal', 'Great Expectations', 'Hadspen Blue', 'Halycon', 'Invincible', 'June, 'Krossa Regal', 'Love Pat', 'Northern Exposure', 'Sagae', 'Sea lotus Leaf', 'Hosta sieboldiana and its forms, 'Spilt Milk', 'Sum and Substance', Hosta tokudama and its forms, 'Zounds'.

Hosta 'Thomas Hogg'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 36 (75 x 90)

Green with White margins

Pale Violet in
June

Ground Cover
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta 'True Blue'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Grey-Blue

Off-White in
August

Ground Cover. Keeps colour well in sun.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only.

Plantain lilies make excellent border plants and have long been used to edge perennial beds and shrubs. Where shade is heavy, as it can be under trees or facing a northern exposure, these plants are of great practical value. Used singly as accent plants, plantain lilies break up the monotony of too many smaller-leaved plants.

Hosta 'Wide Brim'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Dark Green

Pale Lavender-Blue in
July-September

Ground Cover. Big plant, vigorous.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta 'Zounds'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

26 x 36 (65 x 90)

Yellow-Green

Pale-Lavender-Blue in
July-September

Ground Cover. One of the best glossy-leaf types
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hostas are naurally shade-loving plants. This is a selection of relatively sun-proof hostas:-
'Abba Dabba Do', 'August Moon', Birchwood Parky's Gold', 'Blue Umbrellas', 'Hosta fortunei var aureomarginata', 'Fragrant Bouquet', 'Francee', 'Fried Green Tomatoes', 'Ginko Craig', 'Gold Drop', 'Gold Edger', 'Green Fountain', 'Guacamole', 'Honeybells', 'Invincible', 'Hosta lancifolia 'Lemon Lime', 'Midas Touch', Hosta plantaginea and its forms, 'Royal Standard', 'September Sun', 'So Sweet', 'Sugar and Cream', 'Sum and Substance', 'Sun Power', 'Zounds'.

Hosta fortunei

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

22 x 30 (55 x 75)

Dark Green

Mauve in
August

Ground Cover
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta fortunei 'Albopicta'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 36 (75 x 90)

Yellow edged Green in Spring, Soft Green and Olive in Summer and Autumn

Pale Violet in
June

Ground Cover in Part Shade
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta fortunei 'Aureomarginata'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

22 x 36 (55 x 90)

Deep Olive-Green irregularly margined Yellow

Mauve in
July-September

Ground Cover. Vigorous.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta opipara

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

28 x 60 (70 x 150)

Glossy Bright Green with broad, wavy, Yellow margins, turning Cream

Purple-striped Mauve in
September

Ground Cover
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Hosta sieboldiana var. elegans

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Grey-Blue

White in
July

Ground Cover. The standard perfect hosta.
Needs some indirect sun or morning sun for its foliage
Zone 3-9
Cool, moist soil mulched with leafmould or well-rotted cow manure in the summer only

Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon'
(Houtuynia cordata 'Tricolor')

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 24
(10 x 60)

Green, Yellow and Red

White in
June-August

Good foliage plant, which is also good in pots, where its spread can be restricted.
Part Shade, Full Shade
Zone 5-9
Any fertile damp soil.

Companions - perssicaria, carex, other water plants, and other invasive plants. Best in that constrained spot at the base of a rock garden, where it cannot go far since it can run to nearly an infinite extent.

Humulus lupulus 'Aureus'

Herbaceous Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

240 x 12 (600 x 30)

Yellow-Green

Green in
September-October

Hyacinthoides hispanica

Herbaceous Bulb below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 4
(40 x 10)

Glossy Dark Green

Blue in
April-May

"Spanish Bluebell". Erect, strap-shaped, shiny, dark green leaves and bell-shaped blue flowers on long stalks.

Quite rampant, quickly forming large drifts.

Hyacinthoides hispanica
'Excelsior'

Herbaceous Bulb below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

21 x 4
(53 x 10)

Glossy Dark Green

Violet-Blue in
April-May

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Herbaceous Bulb below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 3
(30 x 7)

Glossy Dark Green

White in
April-May

"English Bluebell".It has long, glossy, dark green leaves and thin, bell-shaped bright blue scented flowers. It is quickly spreading to cover large areas.

Hyacinthus orientalis

Herbaceous Bulb below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 4 (30 x 10)

Bright Green

Strongly fragrant single colours in April-May

"Hyacinth". Flower colour depends on cultivar.

Details of Culture in Water in bottom row.

Hydrangea Petiolaris

Deciduous Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

600 x 240 (1500 x 600)

Dark Green turning Yellow in Autumn

White in
July-August

"Climbing Hydrangea".

Hydrangea macrophylla
'Altona'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 60 (90 x 150)

Glossy Dark Green

Pink to dark Purple-Blue in
August-September

"Common Hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea, Garden Hydrangea". From Japan.
Shade or Part Shade or both leaves and flowers will scorch
Zones 6-10
Constantly moist and rich in humus and well-drained. They are best pruned immediately after flowering by cutting out all stems that have just flowered and leaving the others alone

Hydrangea macrophylla
'Ami Pasquier'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Glossy Dark Green

Deep Red in
July-August

"Common Hydrangea".

Hydrangea macrophylla
'Madame Emile Moullere'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 72 (150 x 180)

Glossy Dark Green

White in
July-August

"Common Hydrangea".

Hydrangea macrophylla
'Mariesii'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 72 (150 x 180)

Glossy Dark Green

Rosy Pink or Pale Blue in
July-August

"Common Hydrangea".

Hydrangea quercifolia

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 84 (150 x 210)

Dark Green in Spring and Summer, Red and Purple in Autumn

White in
July-October

"Oak-leaved Hydrangea". Native to the USA.
Dappled Shade
Zones 5-9
Constantly moist, rich in humus and well-drained.

Hydrangea 'Preziosa'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 60 (150 x 150)

Mid-Green

White in
September
 

Hypericum
'Eastleigh Gold'

Semi-Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 60 (90 x 150)

Mid-Green

Golden-Yellow in
July-September

This is a dense ground cover, excellent for mass planting. Its strong root system makes it useful for erosion control on slopes. The species can be invasive unless confined. Using a composite gravel board or other divider contains the plants and also helps keep the planting trim.

Hypericum 'Hidcote'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 60 (120 x 150)

Dark Green

Golden-Yellow in
July-October

Dense, bushy shrub.
Full Sun
Zones 7-10
Fertile, well-drained soil, with plentiful water in late spring and summer. Remove seed capsules after flowering and prune in winter to maintain a rounded shape

Hypericum 'Rowallane'

Semi-Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 36 (180 x 90)

Dark Green

Dark Golden-Yellow in
September-November

Arching shrub.
Full Sun
Zones 8-10
Fertile, well-drained soil, with plentiful water in late spring and summer.

Hypericum calycinum

Evergreen Shrub above 2 feet in height

6 x 60
(15 x 150)

Dark Green

Bright Yellow in
July-October

"Rose of Sharon".

Hypericum ceraistoides

Herbaceous Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 17
(25 x 42)

Downy Grey-Green

Deep Yellow in
June-July

Star-shaped flowers.

Hypericum kalmianum

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 30 (75 x 75)

Bluish-Green

Golden-Yellow in
August-September

Hyssopus officinalis

Herb 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Mid-Green

Dark Blue in
August-October

"Hyssop". It likes a poor, dry sandy soil.

Hyssopus officinalis 'Albus'

Herb 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Mid-Green

White in
August-October

An excellent white form of above.

Height in inches (cms):-

25.4mm = 1 inch
304.8mm = 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
914.4mm = 1 yard

I normally round this to
25mm = 1 inch
300mm = 30 cms = 12 inches
=1 foot,
900 mm = 3 feet = 1 yard and
1000mm = 100 cms = 1 metre
= 40 inches

Site design and content copyright ©December 2006. Page structure changed September 2012. Height x Spread in feet changed to Height x Spread in inches (cms) May 2015. Data added to existing pages December 2017. Zone and Companion Data added April 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

Details of smaller Hebe, Helichrysum and Hypericum and which container to grow the plant in:-

• A. The plant can be grown in sinks, trough, pans or scree beds
• B. The plant is best accommodated in a trough or sink.
• C. Suitable for peat beds and raised beds (suitable for alpine rhododendrons)

Hyacinth
"Where it has been decided to grow Hyacinths in beds or borders it is best to purchase those bulbs which are described in the catalogues as "bedding Hyacinths". Purchase fresh supplies each year for bedding purposes to use as your ground cover.
Otherwise plant the bulbs in some out of the way corner or shrub bed where they will continue supplying cut bloom for years, but deteriorate each year until ceasing to flower.

Culture in Pots
Place a fair sized bulb in a 5-inch (12.5cm) pot. If earth is the medium in which the bulbs are to be grown, it should be well mixed with sand and the bulbs firmly pressed into it with their tops well above the surface. The pots should then be well watered and placed in the open air, standing on coal ashes and covered with them or cocoa-nut fibre.
They soon make root this way, and when the top growths begin to appear through the covering material, they may be removed to the cold greenhouse, and from there when required to a warmer temperature.
While the bulbs were standing out of doors to make root growth, Cotter's own practice was to pack the pots as tightly as possible, standing on a bed of sifted ashes in a frame and cover them to a depth of 2 inches (5 cms) with the same material. The lights of the frame were removed, but the sides, in addition to offering protection from the weather, prevented the incursion of various soil pests and mice, which are so liable to do serious mischief at this season.

Culture in Fibre
Coca-nut fibre (Coir pots and coco peat) can be used as a medium for the culture of bulbs, instead of soil, and it appears a 100 years ago to give equally good results. It is clean to handle, can be easily dried and stored for another year, and, chief point of all where the beginner is concerned, no drainage necessary when using fibre as would be when culture in soil is adopted. The procedure for growing hyacinths in fibre is precisely the same as when growing them in soil.

Culture in Water
The mistake that most beginners in this form of Hyacinth culture make is either in filling the special glasses (in which the bulb is held in a cup quite clear of the water) too much so that the bulbs touch the water, or in placing them in too high a temperature to commence with.
The proper method to adopt is as follows:

• Fill the glasses, with rain water if possible, to within 1 inch (2.5 cms) of the base of the bulbs.
• Place in each glass a small lump of charcoal, to keep everything sweet; this is especially important in the case of rainwater.
• Remove the glasses to some cool dark cellar or similar spot, the temperature of which should not exceed 45 degrees F (7 degrees C). The vessels should be kept in darkness until the roots have penetrated right to the bottom of the glass, which takes a few weeks;
• They may then be removed, gradually accustoming them to the light,
• until their final abode, a sunny window, is reached.
• They will now require no further attention, beyond occasionally changing the water, should it become foul, and keeping it up with its proper level.
• Bulbs flower very well when grown in this manner, but the blooms do not last nearly as long as when grown in fibre or soil, and the bulbs themselves are quite useless afterwards.
• If plenty of room is available in the shrub border, they may be planted there, and will in time give little spots of colour, and add to the perfume of the air by their presence;
• should there not be, however, plenty of room available, it is cheaper in the long run to consign them to the rubbish fire or tossed on top of any mulch spread round plants in a border or under a hedge.
• Cultivating Hyacinths in water the leading growers supply bulbs specially selected for this purpose, and the purchase of them is necessary for success. Dutch Grown also provide Hyacinths and the When to Plant Hyacinth Bulbs.

" from The Culture of Bulbs, Bulbous Plants and Tubers Made Plain by Sir J. L. Cotter. Published by Hutchinson & Co.

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from the UK in this gallery try using search in RHS Find a Plant.

To locate plants in the European Union (EU) try using Search Term in Gardens4You and Meilland Richardier in France.

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from America in this gallery try using search in Plant Lust.

To locate plant information in Australia try using Plant Finder in Gardening Australia.

To see what plants that I have described in this website see
Plant Botanical Index
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z

Top ten plants that are bad for bees from Countryfile Magazine

"Lavender, alliums, fuschias, sweet peas - keen gardeners know the very best flowers to entice bees to their gardens. But what about plants that are  bad for bees? Here is our expert guide to the top ten plants that you should avoid to keep bees happy and buzzing, plus the perfect alternatives.

1. Rhododendron
Spectacular and beautiful, not many people know the common rhododendron hides a poisonous secret – its nectar is toxic to bees. It’s common practice for beekeepers to keep their hives closed until the flowering season is over. The resulting honey from rhododendrons has also been known to contaminate honey, making it unsafe for humans to eat.
Alternative: Clematis have beautiful, wide flowers and are 100 per cent bee-friendly.

2. Azalea
Rhododendron’s sister, azaleas are also toxic to bees.
Alternative: Foxgloves (Digitalis) are a bee favourite and despite being poisonous if consumed by humans, they are both honey and bee safe.

3. Trumpet flower, or angel’s trumpet (Brugmansia suaveolens)
Though ornamental and sweet smelling, the trumpet flower’s nectar can cause brood death in bees and is best avoided.
Alternative: Try honeysuckle (Lonicera) instead for deliciously scented results.

4. Oleander (Nerium oleander)
Harmful to butterflies as well as bees, oleander has a severe effect on hives. Nectar taken to the hive concentrates as it dries out, which increases the amount of toxins and usually results in a mass hive wipeout. 
Alternative: Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) are equally as bright and arguably more attractive in small or large gardens.

5. Yellow Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
Pleasantly aromatic and attractive as they are, bees are often poisoned by the vines and flowers of the yellow jessamine and its toxins are said to be as severe as hemlock.
Alternative: Plant Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) in tubs and along fences for a pretty, easy-to-grow substitute.

6. Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
Part of the blueberry family, the mountain laurel is an evergreen shrub with sweet, white or pink flowers when in bloom. Pretty they may be, but the honey produced by mountain laurel is toxic to humans and is often bitter tasting.
Alternative: Lilacs (Syringa) are both beautiful and wonderfully sweet smelling. Easy to grow and are loved by bees and butterflies. 

7. Stargazer lily (Lilium 'Stargazer')
Stunning but deadly to cats, stargazer lilies’ pollen is poisonous to bees.
Alternative: Hollyhocks (Alcea) are impressive and just as beautiful as the stargazer but bee-friendly.

8. Heliconia Exotic and interesting, heliconia, or lobster-claws as its sometimes called, is very toxic to bees. You should not prune your heliconias, as the 'stem' is actually made up of rolled leaf bases and the flowers emerge from the top of these 'pseudostems'. However, each stem will only flower once, so after flowering you can cut that stem out. This is recommended, to encourage more flowering, to increase airflow in between the stems of your plant, and also to generally tidy it up and improve the appearance.
Alternative: Although not quite as exotic, hyacinths are fragrant, gorgeous and easy to grow. Hyacinth bulbs are poisonous; they contain oxalic acid. Handling hyacinth bulbs can cause mild skin irritation. Protective gloves are recommended.

9. Bog rosemary (Andromeda polifolia -
All parts of the plant contain andromedotoxin and are considered poisonous)
Not to be confused with the herb, bog rosemary is acutely poisonous and the honey produced from the nectar of Andromeda polifolia contains high enough levels of grayanotoxin to cause full body paralysis and potentially fatal breathing difficulties due to diaphragm paralysis.
Alternative: Why not try planting a classic rosemary bush (Rosmarinus officinalis) – aromatic, resilient and favoured by bees.

10. Amaryllis (Hippeastrum)
Now most commonly recognised as decorative Christmas flowers, amaryllis are gorgeous in bloom but their pollen produces toxic honey. Bulbs, chewing or ingestion of the bulbs, leaves or flowers poisons goats and sheep with Lycorine (An emetic) and small amounts of alkaloids.
Alternative: Dahlias are a highlight of late summer gardens. Beautiful and simple to grow, dahlias often flower until the first frosts of the year."

This is another list of Plants toxic to bees, which includes:-
Aesculus californica,
Astralagus species,
Cuscuta species,
Cyrilla racemiflora,
Solanum nigram,
Veratrum cailfornicum,
Zygadenus cenesosus,
Corynocarpus laevigata,
Angelica triqueta,
Astralagus lentiginosus,
Camellia thea,
Ochrama lagopus,
Sophora microphylla,
Tillia species,
Verartrum californicum,
Asclepias species,
Astralagus miser v. serotibus.

The following details come from Cactus Art:-

"A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female).    

Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds.

Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube.

Androecium (male Parts or stamens)
It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant.
Anther This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. 
Filament This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of.
Pollen This is the dust-like male reproductive cell of flowering plants.

Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil)
 It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures.
Stigma
This is the part of the pistil  which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. 
Style
This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of ovary. 
Ovary
The part of the plant that contains the ovules. 
Ovule
The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. 

Petal 
The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla). 
Sepal 
The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix). 
(Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)"

The following details come from Nectary Genomics:-

"NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins.

NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate.

WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and rely almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%."

The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:-

"Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation.

There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America.

"Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph.

THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 10,000:-

• THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE 2 QUARTZ GRAIN SIBLINGS, and
• HOW ROOTS OF PLANTS ARE IN CONTROL IN THE SOIL
• before continuing in this website.

Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

Choose 1 of these different Plant selection Methods:-

1. Choose a plant from 1 of 53 flower colours in the Colour Wheel Gallery.

2. Choose a plant from 1 of 12 flower colours in each month of the year from 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery.

3. Choose a plant from 1 of 6 flower colours per month for each type of plant:-

Aquatic
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
Deciduous Tree
Evergreen Perennial
Evergreen Shrub
Evergreen Tree
Hedging
Herbaceous Perennial
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron nectar and the nectar from the plants in the fifth row above are toxic to bees
Rose
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
Wild Flower

4. Choose a plant from its Flower Shape:-

Shape, Form
Index
Flower Shape

5. Choose a plant from its foliage:-

Bamboo
Conifer
Fern
Grass
Vegetable

6. There are 6 Plant Selection Levels including Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in Plants Topic.

or

7. when I do not have my own or ones from mail-order nursery photos , then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:-

• Create and input all plants known by Amateur Gardening inserted into their Sanders' Encyclopaedia from their edition published in 1960 (originally published by them in 1895) into these
  • Stage 1 - Garden Style Index Gallery,
    then
  • Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery being the only gallery from these 7 with photos (from Wikimedia Commons) ,
    then
  • Stage 3 - All Plants Index Gallery with each plant species in its own Plant Type Page followed by choice from Stage 4a, 4b, 4c and/or 4d REMEMBERING THE CONSTRAINTS ON THE SELECTION FROM THE CHOICES MADE IN STAGES 1 AND 2
  • Stage 4a - 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery,
  • Stage 4b - 12 Foliage Colours per Month Index Gallery with
  • Stage 4c - Cultivation, Position, Use Index Gallery and
  • Stage 4d - Shape, Form Index Gallery
  • Unfortunately, if you want to have 100's of choices on selection of plants from 1000's of 1200 pixels wide by up to 16,300 pixels in length webpages, which you can jump to from almost any of the pages in these 7 galleries above, you have to put up with those links to those choices being on
    • the left topic menu table,
    • the header of the middle data table and on
    • the page/index menu table on the right of every page of those galleries.

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-

• 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
• Plants Blue, Orange, Red, Yellow, White, Other Colours which lead on to other pages
• Colour Wheel - All Flowers per Month 12
• Bedding
• Bulb
• Climber
• Deciduous Shrub
• Deciduous Tree
• Evergreen Perennial
• Evergreen Shrub
• Evergreen Tree
• Herbaceous Perennial
• Rhododendron
• Rose
• Wild Flower

• Plants for Cut Flowers in
  January
  February
  March
  April
  May
  June
  July
  August
  September
  October
  November
  December
• Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with flowers in
  Jan,
  Feb,
  Mar,
  Apr,
  May 1, 2
  Jun,
  Jul,
  Aug,
  Sep,
  Oct,
  Nov,
  Dec

• Indoor Bulbs for
  December
  January
  February
• Indoor Bulbs for
  March
  April
  May
• Indoor
  Bulbs for
  June
  July
  August
• Indoor Bulbs for
  September
  October
  November
• Plant Bloom
  Dec-Jan
  Feb-Mar
• Plant Bloom
  Apr-May
  Jun-Aug
• Plant Bloom
  Sep-Oct
  Nov-Dec