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Ivydene Gardens Brown Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
What is PL@NTNET? |
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BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page, |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1 Flowering plants of Acid Soil |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Habitat Lists:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Number of Petals List:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
B & T World Seeds Paguignan, 34210 Aigues Vives, France can supply seeds world-wide from over 35,000 different plants. John Chambers Wildflower Seed supplies native British produced wildflower seed from its John Chambers Wildflowers Brochure and its Green-tech Specifier Wildflowers Seeds with delivery to England, Scotland and Wales. American Meadows Quick Guide to Wildflowers contains complete planting instructions, how much seed you need, and wildflower searches by color, height, moisture and light requirements with delivery of live plants, bulbs and seeds to USA only, but only its seeds to Canada. |
"SEASONS AND MONTHS SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
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WILD FLOWER GALLERY
SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES
See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. |
Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914 contains information about UK Native Wildflowers with 1 per chapter. I have summarised some of these chapters and put those into this website, but most will simply have a reference to which book it is in for you to read it yourself. |
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Common Name Flower Photo |
Botanical Name Flowering Months Flowers Photo
Sections from edition 2 of the Plant Crib, with some updated sections from the planned edition 3, are kindly made available by Plant Crib co-editor Dr Tim Rich of Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland:- |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) WildFlower Family Page Foliage Photo |
Flower Colour Habitat Native in:- Form Photo |
Form from
Form for Wildflowers:- Mat-forming These Forms are used for Bulbs with Herbaceous and Evergreen Perennials.
Shape for Evergreen Shrubs:- These Forms and Shapes are also used for Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs and Trees. |
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Alpine Clematis
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Clematis alpina Flowers in Apr-May |
120 x 60 This was not available in Collins Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers by McClintock and Fitter in 1978 |
This early spring flowering clematis is ideal for a north- or east-facing site. Given suitable support it may be grown on its own or allowed to scramble through a strong shrub or tree. Scrambling climber to 80 inches (200 cms) with twining leaf stalks. Native in Central Europe, France, Norway, Finland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Soviet Union. |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969. |
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Hairy Buttercup |
Ranunculus sardous |
An annual of damp coastal pastures, poached pond edges and wet hollows, road verges, farm tracks and gateways. It is generally restricted to thin turf or disturbed areas on damp, neutral, moderately fertile soils. Lowland. Most often found near southern coasts; less frequently in the north.
Native in most of Europe. |
From Plate 3 of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Alpine Squill
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Scilla bifolia
Flowers in Mar-Jun. Bright blue, rarely pink or white, starlike in a loose cluster |
Habitat in grassland, scrub, or woods, also on mountains. |
See photo on Page 158 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black Native in South-East Europe, Mediterranean Europe, Spain, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Soviet Union. |
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Apple-of-Peru
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Nicandra physalodes
Flowers in Jun-Oct |
Blue or pale violet with white throat, bell-shaped, opening only for a few hours.
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See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black Propagation: by seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in pots or boxes of light soil in 55F (13C) in March, transplanting seedlings 36 inches (90cm) apart outdoors in ordinary soil in May; or by sowing seed in sunny position outdoors in April, transplanting seedlings in June. A native of Peru; widely naturalized in South-Central Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Arctic Bellflower It is distributed in arctic North America, including the Rocky Mountains and Greenland, in the Asian part of Beringia and in Iceland, Svalbard, the Scandes Mountains and Novaja Zemlja.
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Campanula uniflora
Flowers in Jun-Oct |
Nodding, solitary, bell-shaped, blue, purple Habitat in Mountains, arctic heaths. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Used and attracted by hummingbirds - not sure there are many of those in the UK. Native in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and the Faeroes. Not native in Great Britain.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Bavarian Gentian (Gentiana bavarica) native to European Alps not the UK |
Gentiana bavarica (Gentiana carpatica) Flowers in Jul-Sep - See good photos |
4 x 4 4 inches is the spacing between plants not the width of the plant |
Deep Blue Mat-forming in Damp Grass, Marshes, and the rock garden. Native in the Alps, Carpathians. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Compost, 2 parts good loam, 1 part peat, 1 part grit or broken limestone and coarse sand. Position, sunny rock garden for dwarf kinds, borders for tall species. All should be kept fairly dry in winter, moist in summer. Plant, Sep, Oct, Mar or Apr, top-dress with rotted leaf-mould in March. Propagation - By seeds sown 1 sixteenth inch deep (1.5 mm) in well-drained pots or pans of sandy soil in cold frame in March; division of plants in March. Seeds sometimes take 1 or 2 years to germinate and soil must be kept moderately moist. |
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Bearded Bellflower
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Campanula barbata
Flowers in Jun-Aug |
Pale blue, with long white hairs inside, in one-sided cluster; sepals in 2 rows. Thrives in well-drained loam in the rock garden or in the mixed border |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Native in France, Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia: introduced into Sweden. |
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Bladder Gentian
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Gentiana utricolosa Narrow, petal tube, dark blue flowers in May-Aug |
Gentian Family |
Dark Blue. Annual Damp grass, bogs, heaths, stony slopes and hollows. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. See photo Native in Alps, Apennines, Carpathians and Balkans. |
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Blue Anemone
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Blue flowers with 8-18 sepals in Mar-Apr
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Buttercup Family |
Blue A rhizomatous perennial, found in woodland, open scrub, under park trees, in churchyards and near former habitations. Like the native A. nemorosa, it requires light shade. Native to South-Eastern Europe but not in Great Britain. |
It is not a true UK native but comes from Italy. Scatter among the native Anemones in our woods, or making pictures with Daffodils, or running free among dwarf plants in groves. It is readily increased by division, and grows about 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) in height. Culture - Soil, good ordinary, well enriched with decayed manure. Position, sunny or partly shady borders. Plant, autumn or spring. Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969. |
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Bluebell Used within lifecycles of
Flower
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Hyacinthoides Flowers in April-June The flower stems, containing a sticky white juice, grow up to 12 or 18 inches (30-45cm) high, with the flowers borne on short stalks on one side. The 'bell' is formed by 6 perianth segments, and there are 3 long and 3 short stamens. Seeds are produced, but the plant also survives the winter as a bulb. It often makes a blue carpet in woods.
Flowers Above 4 photos taken by BritishFlora |
Lily Family
Foliage "Plant bulbs in groups in early autumn, 4-6 (10-15) deep and 6 (15) apart. Bulbs do not store well, so plant as soon as possible after purchase under deciduous trees, or hedges in part shade. Make soil moist, with plenty of organic matter, such as leaf mould. Many early insects will visit the bluebell for nectar. " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
Dark Blue A bulbous perennial herb occurring, sometimes abundantly, in a wide variety of deciduous woodlands, in hedgerows, on shady banks and, especially in western and upland areas, in meadows, under Pteridium and on cliffs. It also occurs as a naturalised garden escape. It is sensitive to long-term grazing. Native in Western Europe: introduced into Germany, Switzerland and Italy.
Form See illustrations on Pages 64 for white flower and 158 for blue flower in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black |
Scilla nutans Wild Hyacinth from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 1912:- The Hyacinth dies down at the end of May. It forms a bulb which is a storehouse where the plants puts away reserve food-material for the time of flowering when a special drain is made upon its resources. Until that hour arrives the plant continues to "save up". It is the presence of this reserve nutriment that allows the bulb to throw up leaves and flowers when it is merely grown in water alone. When the leaves first begin to push upwards through the soil the leading one is transformed into an actual ground-augur for boring its wat, but when fully formed they are long and strap-shaped, their upper surfaces concave and forming deep channels. When the rain falls upon them it runs down them as down a watercourse, and is conducted straight to the bulb, overflowing just round the spot where the roots strike downwards. Root, stem and leaves are filled with a slimy mucilage. The flowering stalk is called the "scape", and when it first grows up in the centre of the leaves the flower buds all stand upright upon it. The lowest matures first, and as it does so falls over and hangs, the others follow in turn. Each flower has 6 coloured floral leaves, all alike, and though at a cursory glance, they all appear united into a bell, they are really quite separate almost to their base. At the tip each curls backwards, and this curling has led the poets to describe curly hair as "hyacinthian". Inside the blue bell the stamens are set, one on each segment, a long and a short one alternating. In the centre is the seed-case, divided into 3 chambers, each containing 2 columns of ovules. From the top of it a long column arises. Although the flower has scent, it has no real honey, just the sweet juices within. After fertilisation, the ovary swells and eventually becomes dry. The flower-stalk raises the capsule from its drooping position, and at the top an opening forms. The wind sways the whole spike; first from 1 capsule, then from another out jerk many little black seeds, and the flower's task is done. See other photos of
The Yellow Archangel - Yellow Dead Nettle - (Galeobdolon luteum) contrasts well with Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Red Campion (Silene dioica), since they are in bloom at the same time. The yellow dead nettle, like the white, is improved if some of its leaves are removed to reveal the flowers. The alternative to removing the leaves is to arrange the stems in a tall slim vase so that one can look up to them; and so under the leaves where the flowers grow. |
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Blue-eyed Grass
Blue-eyed Mary
Blue Water-Speedwell
Blue Woodruff |
Sisyrinchium angustifolium 2 terminal clusters of 2-4 dark blue starlike flowers with a yellow centre in Jun-Aug
Flower
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Iris Family Family
Flowers The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Dark Blue A cormous perennial herb found naturalised in meadows, pastures, amenity grasslands and on roadsides. It spreads vegetatively by means of rhizomes.
Form
Native of North America; naturalized in damp meadows, copses. Introduced to much of Central Europe and Northern Europe. |
Culture - Soil, 2 parts sandy loam, 1 part peat. Position - sunny, sheltered rock garden. Plant - October or May. Propagation - By offsets, removed and potted in March; seeds. Sisyrinchium angustifolium f. album taken in June 2013 in Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden in RHS Garden at Wisley by Chris Garnons-Williams |
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Blue-eyed Mary |
Bright blue, 10mm across, in a loose cluster, flowers in March-May |
Bright Blue Short, mat-forming, spreads with rooting runners. |
See illustration on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture of Perennial Species - Soil, ordinary, rich, moist. Position - partially shaded, well-drained borders or rock gardens, or in Rhododendron beds. Plant - Oct, Nov, Mar or Apr. Water copiously in dry weather. Mulch with decayed cow manure annually in spring. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.125 inches (3 mm) deep in light, rich soil in semi-shaded position in April, transplanting seedlings when 1 inch (2.5 cm) high; division of roots, March or April. Native in Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy and Yugoslavia: introduced into Great Britain, Germany, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Blue Pimpernel
Flower |
Anagallis foemina Blue up to 0.5 inches in diameter in June onwards followed by fruits 5-8-veined. In arable fields in the South and West of England
Flowers |
The below 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.
Foliage |
Dark Blue This subspecies is normally found as an arable weed and appears to be absent from the semi-natural habitats in which subsp. arvensis occurs. Pointed oval dark green unstalked leaves, usually in pairs but sometimes, especially later in the year, in whorls.
Form |
See illustration on Page 152 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - sunny, well-drained borders for annuals. Propagation - Annuals by seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in temperature of 65 F in March, transplanting seedlings outdoors in June.
Native and widespread in Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Blue Woodruff |
Asperula arvensis Bright Blue flowers in Apr-Jun |
Slender short annual, hairless. Weed of cultivation. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in open borders. Plant - Oct-Nov. Propagation - seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in open border in April. Native in Central Europe, Mediterranean Europe, South-East Europe, Portugal and Soviet Union.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Bur Forget-me-not |
Lappula squarrosa Leafy cluster of light blue flowers in Jun-Aug |
Greyish annual/biennial, roughly hairy; well branched. Dry bare places, dunes and it thrives in overgrazed pastures. |
See illustration on Page 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Well known as a noxious weed. The seeds are dispersed when the prickles get caught on animal coats and human clothing, and when they are moved by wind. Native in much of Europe (except in Portugal, Ireland and Great Britain): introduced into Iceland.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Bristly Bellflower |
Campanula cervicaria Pale Blue, bell-shaped flowers, grouped together |
12-39 x |
Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks. It also flourishes in places where the soil has been disturbed such as after slash-and-burn, or after forest clearance or when coppicing has taken place. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Bristly bellflower is a biennial or short-lived perennial herbaceous plant. Culture - Sow seeds in gentle heat in March, transp[lant seedlings into boxes, harden off in cold frame in May and plant out in sunny borders early in June. Native and widespread in Europe. |
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Hairless Blue Sow Thistle |
Cicerbita plumieri Flowers in Jul-Sep |
48 x 18 |
Daisy Blue This is a not too distant relative of the lettuce. It makes a rosette of long, basal leaves from which arises a tall, stout, branched stem carrying pretty blue daisy-like flowers. Where conditions suit it will self seed to the point of being a nuisance so it is advisable to cut off the spent flowers before the seed develops. Herbaceous perennial requires moist, acidic, sandy fertile soil. |
Native in Spain to Switzerland. |
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Common Globularia Not a native of Great Britain, Ireland or Isle of Man. It has a very disjunct distribution: One population in the mountains of southern France and north-central and eastern Spain; and another population on the islands Öland and Gotland in the Baltic Sea. |
Globularia vulgaris Umbel of dark blue flowers 2-lipped, the upper lip very short, the lower 3-lobed in Apr-Jun |
Bellflower Family Oval, stalked basal leaves, narrower pointed unstalked stem leaves |
Herbaceous Perennial in Dry grassy or stony places. Native in Portugal, Spain, France, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Astria, Hungary, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Soviet Union. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary moist (light and peaty soil). Position - sunny rock gardens or margins of borders. Plant Oct-Nov, or Mar-Apr. Propagation - By seeds sown on surface in boxes of light sandy soil in cold frame in March or April; division of plants, October or April. |
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Cross Gentian
Native to France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Channel Isles, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark |
Gentiana cruciata Dull Blue, oblong, in tight clusters up the stem, petal-tube 4 lobed in Jun-Sep |
Gentian Family Leaves oval to broad lanceolate, rather leathery, the upper clasping the stem, the lower stalked. |
Dull Blue Perennial in dry grass places or open woods. Native in Central Europe, South-East Europe (except in Greece and Turkey), Spain, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Soviet Union. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture of Hardy Perennial Species - Compost, 2 parts good loam, 1 part peat, 1 part grit or broken limestone and coarse sand. Position - sunny rock garden for dwarf kinds. All should be kept fairly dry in winter, moist in summer. Plant - Sep, Oct, Mar or Apr, top-dress with rotted leaf-mould in March. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.0625 inches (1.5 mm) deep in well-drained pots or pans of sandy soil in cold frame in March; division of plants in March. Seeds sometimes take 1 or 2 years to germinate and soil must be kept moderately moist.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Cultivated Flax
Flower |
Linum usitatissimum Bright Blue flowers an inch (2.5 cms) across, the sepals pointed and shorter than the globular fruit in June-July
Flowers The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
9-18 x Flax Family Narrow lanceolate 3-veined green leaves
Foliage |
Bright Blue A robust annual found on road verges, rubbish tips and waste ground and locally, rather surprisingly, on stone reservoir banks. It is also a moderately frequent bird-seed alien.
Form |
See illustration of Flax on Page 152 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in April, in lines or masses where plants are required to flower.
Origin unknown; occurring as a casual from cultivation almost throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Hop is Edible,
Female Flowers from Burham in Kent |
Humulus lupulus July-August
Male Flowers
The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Hemp Family
Foliage from Burham in Kent |
A scrambling, perennial, dioecious climber which is probably native in moist, open woods, fen carr and hedges. It is frequent as an escape from cultivation or as a planted ornamental. Lowland. The cones are used to make bitter beer. Native to all Europe, except Iceland.
Form |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969. Read about Hop (Humulus lupulus) in Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd - within 1 of 7 volumes - between 1911 and 1914.
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Michaelmas Daisy (Confused Michaelmas-daisy, Michaelmas Daisies in urban gardens.
Flower |
Aster novi-belgii
Flowers
The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Daisy Cudweeds Family
Foliage |
It is naturalised on hedge banks, railway banks, roadsides, rubbish tips and waste ground. In addition, it sometimes occurs on river banks, lakesides and in fen vegetation. Lowland. It is the commonest of escaped garden plants.
Form Native of North America; widely naturalized by rivers, damp woods, marshes. |
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Bramble Used within lifecycles of Butterfly Brown Hairstreak,
Bee on Bramble Flower |
Rubus fruticosus June onwards
Juvenile Fruit The above 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Rose 1 Family
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrubs of woods, scrub, banks, hedges, heaths and waste places. They can form dominant stands and although they have a very wide ecological tolerance they reach maximum vigour and diversity on acidic soils. They spread by bird-dispersed seeds, and by tip-rooting stems. Native in all Europe. |
The Bramble is specially fitted for a hedge plant. Its stems weave with great rapidity in and out of the branches of other growths; they are thickly studded with hooked prickles which point backwards and so are no hindrance to the plant pushing through the hedge, but which are of the utmost assistance in preventing it slipping back. Sometimes the long whip-like shoots arch over and touch the ground again, wheupon they send out roots and start new plants at that point.
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Oregon Grape
Juvenile Fruit |
March-May followed by Black Berries
Single Leaf |
48 x 36 Barberry Family
Foliage The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
An evergreen shrub which spreads rapidly by stolons and can become well established in hedgerows, road verges and woodland. Oregon grape is the state flower of Oregon.
Form Native of North America: introduced into Great Britain, Holland, Sweden, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Greece. |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Butterfly-Bush
Flower |
Flowers |
Buddleia Family
Foliage The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
A large deciduous shrub, now very well established on waste ground, by railways, in quarries, on roadsides and generally in urban habitats, where it often grows on walls and neglected buildings. It prefers dry, disturbed sites where large populations can develop from its wind-dispersed seed.
Form Native of China; often grown for ornament and sometimes naturalized. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Common Butterwort
Flower |
The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Butterwort Family
Foliage
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A rosette-forming, insectivorous perennial herb of damp, nutrient-poor habitats, overwintering as a rootless bud. It is found in bogs, in crevices of irrigated rocks and rock ledges, in base-poor as well as base-rich open flushes, and in open bryophyte-dominated communities in fens.
Form Native in all Europe, except in Albania, greece and Turkey. |
Its leaves are setting themselves deliberately to catch, kill and eat any small flies that may be so unwary as to fall into their trap. It is a little plant. In the marshy uplands of Wales, Yorkshire and the Lake District it is chiefly to be found, a rosette of leaves lying on the ground, from the centre of which the flowers rise singly on stalks 3-5 inches (7.5-12.5 cms) high. The leaves are a pale, shining green, the flowers blue-purple of irregular shape. It is unmistakable. |
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Greater Butterwort
Flower |
Flowers The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Butterwort Family
Foliage |
A rosette-forming, insectivorous perennial herb, overwintering as a rootless bud which also functions as a vegetative propagule. It is found on wet rocks, flushed moorland and acidic bogs.
Form Native in Spain, Pyrenees, Alps and Ireland. |
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Illustration of Scilla nutans Wild Hyacinth from Flowers of the Woods by E.J. Salisbury - Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published by Penguin Books Limited in 1946.
Bramble Rubus fruticosus from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 1912:-
Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:-
UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in and The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
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Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
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Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak uses Blackthorn, Privet, Guelder Rose, and Wayfaring tree I have detailed the use of plants by these eggs, caterpillars, chrysalis and butterfly in full with either photos of those butterflies, etc or illustrations from Sandars. It shows that they do use plants all year round and I will insert the information of their Life Histories into the remainder of the Butterfly Description Pages but I will put no further information in this table or the Butterfly Name with its use of plants table. Please see what a council did to destroy the native habitat, so that children could ride bicyles anywhere in the park in the row below. Details of what plant is used by each of the different 'egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly' unit and for how long is given in the table on the left. At least 2 of these butterflies live in America as well as in the UK in 2022:- |
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The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from my Mission Statement page:- "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the table on the left. With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, you destroy the wildlife in this park as is done in every managed park in the world. Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school. |
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The following information (5 December 2021) comes from Wikipedia about Southern Water Services Ltd, which had a revenue of £0.829 billion in 2017-18. Area served by Southern Water is Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex and Kent. "Legal issues[edit] 2009-2011[edit] 2014-2016[edit] 2019[edit] Following the investigation, Southern Water agreed to pay customers approximately £123 million by 2024, partly a payment of price review underperformance penalties the company avoided paying in the period 2010 to 2017 and some of which is a payment to customers for the failures found in Ofwat's investigation. In response to Ofwat's findings, Southern Water announced that following its own internal review, which highlighted multiple failures between 2010 and 2017, it was 'profoundly sorry' and 'working very hard to understand past failings and implement the changes required' to ensure it meets the standards its customers deserve.[19] 2021[edit] How can a government allow a business to carry on when it is damaging the health of its population? and when it does not bother to correct the problem but its directors keep on committing the offences? Is that because the fines do not matter to the company who continue to commit offences and the government turns the other cheek. |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN, Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. |
CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
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"They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London Plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. EXTRAS 57,58, Hemp (cannabis sativa) - 1% of Irelands landmass, growing hemp for fuel, would provide all the energy needs for the country each year, keeping the money with the farmers and keeping the rural economies active and this is also an environmentally friendly fuel. Hemp only has 100,000 commercial uses, so is not worth growing. 1 acre of hemp = 1,000 gallons of methanol and is cheaper to produce than petrol or diesel |
Botanical Name of each Plant within each Botanical Name Extras Page:- |
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- The above is my summary of the chapter on this plant in the above books. They are excellent books for the layman to understand about each of the wildflowers, that he could use in his own garden. I am sorry but I am not going to summarise all of the wildflower plants in those books, but I would at least recommend them to you. This was sent out to customers of Riverford Organic Farmers (also they publish Wicked Leeks Magazine), who sell us a weekly box of vegetables and recipes, fruit and other items produced on farms; dated Monday 18th October 2021:-
Its actually win, win, win, win, win, win. You can refer as many friends as you like - and if all goes well, there will be Devon-grown hazelnuts in your boxes by 2026, and walnuts by 2028." |
Botanical Name Extras Page 91:- Botanical Name Extras Page 92 Normally in the fourth column below, I insert which countries in Europe, the plant is native in; introduced into or except from. Seeing which Native UK Wildflowers are also native in your country within Europe, Soviet Union, USA, Canada or China (from AC to CE) you can then use them with the cultivated plants for your country in your own home garden - so help your local wildlife including Butterflies - and home with snippets from Flower Arrangements from Wild Flowers by Violet Stevenson. Published by J M Dent & Sons in 1972. ISBN 0 460 07844 5. View my chapter precis before executing the flower arranging of the plants. The Saxifraga Foundation is a network of European nature photographers, whose aim is to stimulate and facilitate the conservation of European biodiversity. They do so by providing high-quality nature pictures free of charge. The website free natureimages.eu is an initiative of the Saxifraga Foundation. The Saxifrage foundation is assisted by the Crossbill Guides Foundation, Dutch Butterfly Conservation (De Vlinderstichting) and Foto Fitis. Currently, Saxifraga is working on two projects. The first one is the construction of a gallery of pictures of European plants, animals and landscapes. To download these pictures, go to the Saxifraga Gallery. With the search engine you can search for images using the scientific name or the common name of plants and animals in Dutch and English. The second project is the creation of a collection of images of the Dutch landscape (NL in Beeld). This has been done by taking pictures in a grid in a systematic way. We have used the so called Amersfoort-coordinates, which are found on official Dutch topographic maps. The Amersfoort grid is a collection of square kilometers. To find more details visit the website of NL in Beeld. The pictures can be viewed at the Saxifraga Gallery. United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. If the plant you see here has the same zone in your area of that country, then you can grow it at your home. |
Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs But unfortunately the human population in this world do not understand the above needs for plants as shown by:- Article on Welcome Page about trees falling down within pavements in Funchal, Madeira They set light to the rubbish collected inside the tree trunk, either by a discarded match used to light a cigarette or the stub of that cigarette. This then burns the rubbish inserted by the public and it also burns the rotting and non-rotting heartwood, whilst still allowing the public to wander past the burning or burnt tree. Stubs of cigarettes and discarded lit matches are also dropped on exposed tree roots:- Pavements of Funchal, Madeira The easiest, cheapest and quickest solution for existing pavement areas using pavers or paving slabs is the SuDSFLOW System using paving spacers to create permeable paving. See further details within the row for the London Planetree at the bottom of Botanical Name PH-PL 60 page. |
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It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
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Closed Bud |
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Opening Bud |
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Juvenile Flower |
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Older Juvenile Flower |
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Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
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Mature Flower |
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Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
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Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
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My current ambition at my retired age of 73 in 2022 (having started this website in 2005) is to complete the following:- Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery has an empty framework that I created on 20 February 2022. When all the remainder of the UK wildflowers have been checked:-
Then, the wildflower entries in the Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery will be filled in after each Wildflower has its cultivation details added to the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries. Starting the above from 20 February 2022, I think it might take me a few years, but it does mean that as I progress then you will be able to associate more wildflowers with more of all the plant types of the cultivated plants who have similar growing requirements. Then, more of the natural world with its wildlife could also inhabit your garden. |
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Aims of the Wild Flower Society
Plants included in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 |
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Identifying Edible and Poisonous Wild Plants |
