Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Use Description |
Pruning Training Average Height and spread 10 years 20 years Problems |
Similar Forms of Interest
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Actinidia arguta (Actinidia polygama) is Hardy kiwi |
0.75 inches (19 mm) across, cup-shaped white with dark purple anthers, fragrant; borne in pairs. Normally only produced in warm climates. This perennial vine produces a small fruit resembling the kiwifruit. All but the most exposed aspect. Light shade to full sun. Wildlife friendly - attracts bees and other pollinating insects. |
After flowering in June, small green fruits dotted white mature over the Summer ready for harvest late September / October. |
144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Light green turning a good yellow in autumn. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Requires a moist, rich, prefering slightly acidic soil. |
Use - As a free-growing deciduous climbing plant for covering large areas, at its best when showing its autumn foliage colour. Produces fruit in favourable areas. Good on non-house walls, fences, or pergolas; can be allowed to ramble through large shrubs and trees to provide interest. They require a sunny, sheltered position, ideally a south or west facing wall. They also grow well along a pergola. In milder areas they can be grown out in the open. Foliage - Oval, pointed, with toothed edges, up to 5 inches (12 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Light green turning a good yellow in autumn. Stem - Grey-green when young, becoming light brown; slightly downy texture. Twining and twisting. Attractive in winter. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Oblong, green-yellow, edible. Only produced in warm climates. |
Pruning - Not normally required but can be contained by removal of any offending lateral shoots. It quickly rejuvenates itself with vigorous new growth. Training - Allow to ramble through trees or large shrubs. Provide wires or other large-scale support systems. It twines and does not normally require tying in. Height/spread Problems - Can be shy to flower and therefore shy to fruit in all but the warmest areas (like the Isle of Wight or Channel Islands in the UK), although it is worth growing for the autumn foliage effect. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 13 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
Actinidia arguta 'Cordifolia'. Narrow foliage, scarce. Actinidia arguta 'Aureo-variegata'. Golden variegated foliage. Scarce. |
Actinidia chinensis is Chinese Gooseberry, Kiwifruit |
Creamy-white becoming buff yellow, 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide, five-petalled, incurving cup shaped. Male or female on different plants both needed for pollination. |
May-Jun
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After 10 years 240 x 240 (600 x 600) |
Extremely ornamental light green foliage adorning a vigorous grower which can produce edible fruit in hot summers. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D A deep, well-fed, light soil for best results although it is tolerant to a wide range except extremely waterlogged. |
Use- As a fast-growing deciduous climber for non-house walls, fences, or through trees and large shrubs. Foliage - Large, almost round, heavily veined, 5-8 inch (12-20 cm) across. Downy undersides. Light green when young becoming more brown/green with age, good yellow/light orange autumn colour. Stem - Mid green when young becoming light brown. Vigorous, twisting yet not clinging, wide ranging habit. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Small, hairy, oblong, round-ended. Up to 2 inches (5 cm) long with gosseberry flavour, not always reliable in all but hottest areas. |
Pruning - Train shoots to cover required area, prune back all surplus shoots either after fruiting or in late summer to 2 buds from the point of origin. Training - Tie young shoots of newly planted plants to wires on no-house walls and fences; they normally become sel-twining and supporting. In trees and large shrubs, clings by twining. Height/spread Problems - Often planted in areas too small to accomodate it. Can be shy to fruit. Male and female plants may be difficult to find. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade0. Some damage to the tips of growth may be caused in spring by frost but normally to no great harm. |
Actinidia chinensis 'Atlas'. A good male form for pollinating other varieties; free flowering. Actinidia chinensis 'Heywood'. Good female form, heavy cropping on warm south walls, will require a male variety for pollination. Actinidia chinensis 'Tomurii'. Male, free flowering, disease resistant. Actinidia deliciosa 'Blake'. Precocious variety starts to bear one year earlier than most other varieties. Vigorous vines have delicious sweet fruits similar but smaller than Hayward and ripening close to a month earlier, making it a good choice in cooler summer regions. Partially self-fruitful. |
Actinidia kolomikta is Kolomikta vine, michurin actinidia |
Unattractive white fragrant cup-shaped flowers with yellow anthers 0.5 (1 cm) wide; borne in groups of one to 3. Requires some shelter from exposed aspects. Tolerates light shade but prefers full sun. |
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200 x 160 |
Tips start white and age to pink, contrasting with dark green remainder, some yellow autumn colour. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Tolerates both alkaline and acid conditions but may produce more growth on neutral to acid types. Well drained and well fed soil is advised. |
Use - As an attractive foliaged climber for sunny positions both on non-house walls and fences. Foliage - 3-6 inch (7.5-15 cm) long 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) wide oblong ovate leaves with pronounced veins and toothed edges; tips start white and age to pink, contrasting with dark green remainder, some yellow autumn colour. Stem - Slender, deep mahogany brown. Not normally self clinging. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Oval, yellow, 1 inch 92.5 cm) long, sweet and edible but not normally used for culinary or dessert purposes. |
Pruning - Normally requires none other than cutting in early spring to keep within bounds. Training - Tie main vines to wires against walls and fences as required. Height/spread Problems - Can, on very dry soils, lose its leaves prematurely in late summer. Attractive to cats which claw the vines, causing damage. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees centigrade). |
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Actinidia polygama is Silver Vine, Cat Powder |
Fragrant white cup-shaped flowers followed by Yellow fruit if both male and female plants are present. Succeeds in semi-shade but full sun is best for fruit production. |
Jun-Jul and the seeds ripen from Oct-Nov
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240 x |
The green leaves are ovate, 6" long, often variegated w/ white or pale yellow. Moist well-drained soil. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D |
Use - As a deciduous climber on south or west non-house walls and over shrubs and trees. Foliage - The leaves are hallucinogenic and sedative. The leaves contain substances that make them very attractive to cats and for this reason they are especially useful as a sedative for lions etc in zoos. When consumed in large quantities the leaves can have a mild hallucinatory effect. Fruit - raw or cooked. Not very palatable, it is eaten salted. Some cultivars have nice flavoured fruits. The fruit contains up to 5 times the vitamin C. of blackcurrants. |
Pruning - Best carried out in the winter. Problems - The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required) and are pollinated by bees, insects.The plant is not self-fertile. |
"Forest Gardening / Food Forests Design Course Learn how to design, implement and maintain a temperate forest garden or food forest, with frequent visits into our 22-year-old established forest garden." from The Agroforestry Research Trust is a non-profit making charity, registered in England, which researches into temperate agroforestry and into all aspects of plant cropping and uses, with a focus on tree, shrub and perennial crops. |
Akebia quinata is Chocolate vine |
Pendent racemes 3-5 inches (7.5-12.5 cm) long of male cup-shaped flowers up to 0.25 inches (5mm) wide, pale purple in colour. Fragrant. Chocolate-purple female flowers, usually in pairs and 1-1.25 inches (2.5-3 cm). Needs some protection in exposed aspects. From light shade to full sun, but needs protection from strong, midday summer sun. |
Mar-May
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After 10 years - 216 x 216 (550 x 550) |
Light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D to E Tolerates most soil conditions except waterlogged. Good on alkaline types. |
Use - For growing up through other shrubs or small trees or against non-house walls and fences giving a display of unusual fruit, or in a conservatory or greenhouse. Foliage - 5 leaflets carried on a single stalk up to 3-5 inches 97.5-12 cm) long; each leaflet oblong to oval in shape, 1.5-3 inches (4-7.5 cm) long with short 1.5 inch (4 cm) stalk,; light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green to grey green, loosely twining, wiry in nature. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Attractive sausage-shaped grey/violet fruit, 2.5-3.5 inches (6-9 cm) long, splitting lengthwise when ripe. Produced in early autumn. |
Pruning - Allow to grow free; every 5 or 6 years lightly trim in early spring with hedging shears. Training - Leave to ramble over wires on walls and fences, or over shrubs and trees. Height/spread Problems - A little unruly in its habit. Flowers and fruit may be hidden both by its own foliage and that of the host it is climbing in. |
Akebia trifoliata (Akebia lobata). Some of these climbing plants will need trellis or wire supports if grown on walls or fences. Other grow aerial roots and are self-clinging - twining climber. Produces flowers in pendent racemes to 12cm (5in) long followed by fruit to 12cm (5in) long. |
Berchemia racemosa is Paniculous Supplejack |
Clusters of small, greenish-white flowers in summer are rather insignificant, but the berries that follow from Jun-Aug, first green, then red, and finally black, are attractive. Full Sun or Part Shade |
Jul-Aug |
144-168 x |
Bright green foliage, which in autumn turns golden-yellow. This is not declared as a weed in Australia. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Berchemias thrive in well-cultivated ordinary garden ground of rich, moist, well-drained, sandy loam. Plant during suitable weather from November to February. |
Use - For growing up through other small trees or against non-house walls and fences as foliage with colourful fruits. Foliage - Small, heart-shaped, bright green foliage, which in autumn turns golden-yellow. A native of Japan and Formosa, which climbs by means of twining around supports. |
Pruning - When growths become crowded, cut out the older twining stems in winter, otherwise no pruning is required, except to keep the plants shapely. Propagation - is usually carried out by means of seeds sown in a frame when ripe, though cuttings made of semi-mature shoots, 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) long, in late summer and layering in autumn also provide ready means of increase. |
Berchemia racemosa 'Variegata' (Rattan Vine). A deciduous, twining climber with ovate, dark green leaves, variegated creamy-white, particularly towards ends of shoots. In summer, clusters of small, bell-shaped, green-white flowers are produced, followed by autumnal, round, green fruits turning red, then black. Berchemia scandens (Berchemia volubilis). The Supple Jack of the southern United States of America, has twiny branches 120-180 inches (300-450 x cm) in length. The greenish-white flowers in june are followed by bluish-black fruits. |
Celastrus orbiculatus is Staff Vine, Climbing Bittersweet, Oriental Bittersweet PlantThis and its Plant Selector are for those at any stage of their affair with plants. A reference for newcomers looking for guidance; a resource for knowledgeable enthusiasts; a selection tool for the practical and professional garden-maker; and inspiration for all the plant dreamers. The right plant for you is out there. |
Small green flowers carried in clusters of up to 4 in early summer, of little interest. Flowers may be of single sex. Full sun to medium shade with no particular preference. |
Jun-Jul
Considered to be an invasive species in eastern North America. When Celastrus orbiculatus grows by itself, it forms thickets; when it is near a tree or shrub, the vines twist themselves around the trunk. The encircling vines have been known to strangle the host tree to death, which is also true of the American species, C. scandens. |
After 10 years - 240 x 240 (600 x 600) The Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States is a collaborative project between the National Park Service, the University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The purpose of the Atlas is to assist users with identification, early detection, prevention, and management of invasive plants. |
Light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. This is recorded in Australia as being It might be thought that this plant is not one of their favourites in America or Australia, whereas in good old Britain we have nurseries selling this to us mugs. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Does well on all soil types, both alkaline and acid, with no particular preference except for adequate root run in moist, well-drained soil. |
Use - For growing over large buildings such as garages and sheds, through large established trees and shrubs or over large constructions such as pergolas, since it is a large deciduous vigourous vine requiring careful space location to produce its best fruiting results. Foliage - Oval, up to 5 inches (12 cm) long, with points; carried on short stalks up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long; light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. Stem - Twsting, twining, not self-clinging; light grey/green when young becoming light creamy brown with age. Some limited winter attraction in good light. Very fast growing. Fruit - The main attraction. Capsules, bright yellow in colour when ripe, oen to reveal a scarlet-coated seed within. Carried in large numbers on mature climbers. The hermaphrodite- flowered form is self-fertile and bears frit without a pollinator; otherwise male and female plants will be necessary. |
Pruning - Not normally considered practical as it covers an extremely large area but can be reduced in size if required after fruiting. Training - Leave to ramble through whatever type of construction or tree it is to cover. Self supporting by twining effect but not self-clinging. Height/spread Problems - Its overall size is often underestimated and it must be allowed to achieve this size to produce good displays of fruit. Some all male forms may exist when propagated from seed, but most plants produced in commercial horticulture are of the hermaphrodite form so the problem of also finding space for a female plant normally does not arise. |
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Cionura erecta (Marsdenia erecta) |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Winter-flowering |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
Clematis leaves are opposite and divided into leaflets and leafstalks that twist and curl around supporting structures to anchor the plant as it climbs. |
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Clematis armandi |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis armandii 'Appleblossom' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis armandii 'Snowdrift' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis cirrhosa |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis cirrhosa var. balearica |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis cirrhosa 'Freckles' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis cirrhosa 'Wisley Cream' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis meyeriana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis napaulensis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Groups of similar species - Montana Group |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis montana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis montana 'Elizabeth' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis montana f. grandiflora |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis montana 'Tetrarose' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis alpina 'Francis Rivis' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis alpina 'Ruby' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis chrysocoma |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis macropetala Markham's Pink' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis macropetala 'Maidwell Hall' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis x vedrariensis 'Highdown' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Groups of similar species - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis campiniflora |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis viticella 'Abundance' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis viticella 'Mary Rose' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis viticella 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis viticella 'Etoile Violett' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Groups of similar species - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis texensis 'Duchess of Albany' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis texensis 'Gravetye Beauty' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis texensis 'Princess Diana' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Groups of similar species - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis flammula |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis maximo- |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis potaninii var. souliei |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis ternifloa |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - Groups of similar species - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis florida 'Sieboldii' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis orientalis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis rehderiana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis tangutica |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Niobe' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Ramona' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Proteus' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Duchesse of Edinburgh' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Henryi' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis - |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Comtesse de Bouchard' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis x durandii |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Huldine' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Jackmanii' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Mme Edouard Andre' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis 'Mme Julia Correvon' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Clematis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Cocculus carolinus |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Cocculus orbiculatus (Cocculus trilobus) |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Fallopia baldschuanica |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Holboellia coriacea |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Holboellia cuneata |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Holboellia latifolia |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Humulus japonicus |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Humulus lupulus |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Kadsura japonica |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lapageria rosea |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lardizabala biternata |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera x americana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera x brownii 'Dropmore Scarlet' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera caprifolium |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera etrusca 'Superba' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera x heckrottii 'Gold Flame' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera henryi |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera japonica 'Aureo-reticulata' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera japonica 'Halliana' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera periclymenum 'Belgica' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera periclymenum 'Graham Thomas' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera periclymenum 'Serotina' |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera sempervirens |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera x tellmanniana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Lonicera tragophylla |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Mandevilla laxa |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Menispermum canadense |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Muehlenbeckia complexa |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Periploca graeca |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Pueraria thunbergiana |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Sargentodoxa cuneata |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Schisandra chinensis |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Schisandra henryi |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Schisandra rubrifolia |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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Schisandra sphenathera |
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Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Annual for ----------------
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
Shape of |
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Use in |
Use in |
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Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
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Use in Bedding Out |
Use in |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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1a. |
1b. |
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2b. |
3a. |
3c. |
Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elaborated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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Topic |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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Cream |
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White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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Flowering plants of |
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Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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