Ivydene Gardens Stage 4c - Cultivation Requirements, Position and Use Index Gallery:
Use of Plant - Growing Hardy Perennials for the Church Page 1

Ivydene Gardens Stage 4c - Cultivation Requirements, Position and Use Index Gallery:
Use of Plant - Growing Hardy Perennials for the Church Page 1

Botanical Plant Name

with link to
UK or
European Union
mail-order supplier for you to contact to buy this plant

Flower Colour

Sun Aspect of Full Sun,
Part Shade, Full Shade

with link to external website for photo/data

Flowering Months

with row in each month that it flowers in that colour in
STAGE 4A
12 BLOOM COLOURS PER MONTH INDEX GALLERY/

with link to
USA or
Canada
mail-order supplier

Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms)

1 inch =
2.5 cms
12 inches = 30 cms
40 inches = 100 cms

Foliage Colour


with row in relevant pages that it has foliage of that colour in
STAGE 4B
12 FOLIAGE COLOURS PER MONTH INDEX GALLERY
or
Background Colour nearest to middle-aged leaf colour from 212 foliage colours /

followed by
Soil Moisture:-
Dry,
Moist,
Wet

with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier

with data for rows in
STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY and
STAGE 4D
SHAPE, FORM INDEX GALLERY
Pages

Plant Type is:-

A for Aquatic
Ann for Annual / Biennial

Ba for Bamboo

Bu for Bulb

Cl for Climber

Co for Conifer

F for Fern

G for Grass

H for Herb

P for Perennial

Rh for Rhodo-dendron, Azalea, Camellia

Ro for Rose

Sh for Shrub

So for Soft Fruit

To for Top Fruit

Tr for Tree

V for Vegetable

W for Wildflower

followed by:-
E for Evergreen,
D for Deciduous,
H for Herbaceous,
Alpine for being an Alpine as well as being 1 of above Plant Type /

 

Acid for Acidic,
Alk for Alkaline,
Any for AnySoil

 

with links to
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES
1, 2, 3 and
STAGE 3
ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES
1, 2 pages
 

Pages of Growing Plants for the Church:-

1. Hardy Perennials
2. Hardy Perennials
3. Annuals
   and Biennials
4. Roses
5. Dahlias
6. Spring
   Bulbs
7. Lilies
8. Tulips
9. Alliums
   and Amaryllis
10. Gladiolus
11. Shrubs
12. Shrubs
13. Using
    Wild Plant Material
14. House-plants

Growing Plant Material for the Church chapter in Flowers in Church by Jean Taylor. Published by A.R. Mowbray & Co, Ltd. originally in 1976 and New Impression 1981 states the following:-

Many members of the congregation may be happy to grow plant material for the church flower arrangements, especially if they know what is wanted. Some plants are more useful than others because they may last well when cut; provide berries or seedheads, preserve or dry successfully; provide reliable foliage. In a church the roof is higher than at home, spaces are larger, light can be dimmer. This means that taller stems, definite shapes, brighter colours are more effective. If a number of people set aside a small part of their garden to grow flowers for the church, one member's garden is not denuded of colour to provide cut flowers.
It is disappointing for the grower and the flower arranger if unsuitable flowers arrive for the arrangements. This can be avoided with a little communication and an article in the parish magazine, a duplicated letter, or a small booklet made available as a handout, could list the varieties of flowers and leaves that of use at different times of the year.
There could be added a few hints on 'how and when to cut flowers' to make things easier for the flower arranger, such as:

• the advantage of cutting in the evening - Garden and nursery flowers should be picked the evening before or early in the morning of the day on which they are to be arranged. This is because they need a minimum of 2 hours, preferably overnight, in deep, tepid water in a cool, dimly-lit place. This is called conditioning. Cut off about 0.5 inch (1 cm) of the stem ends as the flowers are placed in the water because this helps to remove a seal which sometimes forms while they have been out of water. Conditioning makes sure that the stems are well filled with water before being placed in church. Some leaves will be needed to fill up spaces so that fewer flowers are necessary. They will soften the appearance of bare stems. Foliage, with the exception of grey leaves (their numerous small hairs become waterlogged, lose their grey appearance and drip water onto furniture. Treat grey foliage as for flowers), should be submerged under water in a bowl or sink overnight, or for a minimum of 2 hours, before it is arranged.
  Having cut off 0.5 inch (1 cm) of stem treat them according to type as follows:
  • Woody stems. Scrape the bark away from the outside of about 2 inches (5 cms) of stem, using a small knife or potato peeler. (Bark is a protective outer covering which prevents water from entering) Then expose more of the inner soft tissue by cutting upwards in to the stem with flower scissors for about 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cms). More than 1 cut may be made to thicker stems. Forsythia and cherry are examples of plants with woody stems.
  • Hard stems. No scraping is necessary but it is advisable to cut up into the stem in the same way as for woody stems. Roses and chrysanthemums are examples of plants with hard stems.
  • Hollow stems. There are not many plants with hollow stems but the popular delphiniums, lupins and some dahlia stems are examples. These may be filled by turning the stem upside down and pouring in water by means of a thin spouted watering can or a small funnel. The end of the stem should be plugged with cotton wool which also acts as a wick, drawing more water into the stem when it is placed in a bucket of water.
  • Soft stems. Many plants such as spring bulbous flowers and some hardy perennials have soft stems and they take in water easily. No further preparation is necessary beyond the intial snipping of the stem end.
  • Leaking stems. A few stems such as poppies and the Christmas flower, poinsettia, have stems that leak a milky substance called latex that, when dry, can form a hard layer that prevents the uptake of water. The leaking stops if the stem end is held in the flame of a match or gas jet until sizzling stops. However, each time the stem is cut it should be charred again.
  • When the stem ends have been prepared place them immediately in deep, tepid water to soak, submerging as much as possible of the stem but not the flower itself as water may damage the petals. Flower buckets which are taller than the normal household bucket and have 2 side handles are available for this purpose from a florist or flower club. The church flower arrangers can then collect the flower bucket and replace it with an empty one in the evening before their day of flower arranging.
• the need of long stems;
• how to cut stems on the slant - Cuts are made on a slant to give a greater surface area for absorption of water.
• the necessity to place the flower stems in deep, tepid water at once - Tepid water travels more quickly up a stem than cold water and so it is advisable to use this for conditioning stems. Cold water is quite satisfactory for stems already prepared and soaked. Hot water can be useful for stem ends when you wish to encourage tightly closed buds to open. It is also useful for wilted flowers as it travels quickly up the stem and revives the flower. Boiling water sterilises the cut end of the stem. Many flower arrangers like the 'boiling water treatment' for garden plant material. This method consists of holding 1 inch (2.5 cms) of the stem end in boiling water for about a minute and then putting it straight into deep tepid water. Alternatively, take the pan off the stove and let the water cool with the stem end in it. Whenever this method is used the flower head should be protected from the hot steam, which may damage delicate petals, with a polythene or paper bag.
• cutting buds that show colour and not mature, open flowers;
• how to pack plant material (if the flowers/foliage is not being transported to chuch by the flower arrangers; as detailed above) - Leaves remain turgid (full of water) when placed inside a polythene bag. Flowers are better if put carefully into a cardboard box with a little tissue paper to support the flower heads (florists can often supply a flower box). The lid can be replaced, or a sheet of polythene put over the top (or clingfilm), to keep the flowers moist. Alternatively a large sheet of paper can be wrapped around the flowers for protection from the wind or strong sunshine.

Longlasting flowers
Although other factors, such as heat, draughts, dry atmosphere and lack of water contribute to the length of a flower's life, the following normally last especially well:-

• Acanthus, Achillea, Allium, Alstroemaria, Amaryllis, Anthurium, Antirrhinum, Aster, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Clivia, Dahlia, Delphinium, Eryngium, Freesia, Gladiolus, Grasses, Hyacinth, Hydrangea (late summer), Lily, Marguerite, Orchid, Pyrethrum, Rose (some varieties), Scabious, Strelitzia, Sweet William, Straw flower and other annuals which dry, Tulip.

Hardy Perennials
These provide a great variety of cut flowers, chiefly in the summer. Many perennials also have useful foliage and seedheads and some may be dried or preserved with glycerine. Many churchgoers have suitable perennials in the garden. Every 2 or 3 years when the plants need to be divided, owners may be able to give clumps to other people to grow. An offer to collect and distribute these is useful, or a day may be arranged in the autumn or spring for a big plant exchange.
Suitable hardy perennials for church use include:-

Achillea filipendula
'Coronation Gold'

Alchemilla
mollis

July

24 x 230
(60 x 75)

Angelica archangelica
(Garden Angelica)

Arum italicum
(Italian arum, Italian lords-and-ladies)

Astilbe
'Bridal Veil'
(False spiraea)

July

30 x 18
(75 x 45)

Astilbe 'Rheinland'
(False spiraea)

June, July

18-24 x 18 (45-60 x 45)

Astilbe
'Purple Lance'

August, September

48 x 24
(120 x 60)

Astilbe
chinensis
pumila

August, September

8-12 x 10
(20-30 x 25)

Bergenia (Elephant's ear)

Bergenia 'Autumn Magic'

Mid-Pink

March, April,
May

Clump-Forming

12 x 16
(30 x 40)

Mid Green that turns Dark Red in Winter

Bergenia is a tough and hardy grower that thrives in just about any position. It can’t be beaten as an evergreen ground cover plant.

Bergenia 'Bressingham White'

Pure White

March, April

Clump-Forming

18-24 x 26 (45-60 x 65)

Dark Green

Companion plants to Bergenias are Omphalodes, Brunnera macrophylla, Hamamelis, Primula, Helleborus, Ophiopogon and Chaero-phyllum.

Bergenia cordifolia

Red

March, April

Clump-Forming

18-24 x 24 (45-60 x 60)

Dark Green, bronze tinged

Bergenias are good for softening edges of beds, at their best when mass planted. Use with bulbs whose flowers will rise above the leaves.

Bergenia cordifolia 'Purpurea'

Purplish-Red

March, April

Clump-Forming

21 x 24
(52 x 60)

Reddish-Green foliage that turns Purple in Winter

 

Leave the dead bergenia leaves on to provide the ground cover and prevent light reaching annual weed seeds to germinate them.. This plant has "bright magenta flowers. Inter-planted with yellow tulips will form an absolutely stunning display in Spring.

Bergenia 'Morning Red'

Bright Carmine-Pink

April, May

Clump-Forming

15 x 15
(38 x 38)

Dark Green

How to divide Bergenias.

Further details about Bergenia species from Wikipedia.

Bergenia purpurascens

Purple-Red

March, April

Clump-Forming

18 x 12
(45 x 30)

Dark Green in Spring, then Purple foliage in winter.

Clump-forming form. Harbours snails!!

See Pest Control in Companion Planting to provide plants to ward off snails.

Bergenia 'Silver Light'

White turning Pink with age, Red centre

April, May

Clump-Forming

12-18 x 26 (30-45 x 65)

Dark Green

Strong grower.

Common names of Elephant's Ears, Pigsqueak, Megasea.

Chrysan-themum maximum (Shasta Daisy) 'Wirral Supreme'

Cortaderia (Pampas grass)

Crambe cordifolia

White.
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its flowers after May 2013

June, July

60-100 x 40-60
(150-250 x 100-150)

Curtonus paniculatus

Purple.
Unable to locate flowers after 21 Aug 2013

Cynara cardunculus
(Cardoon)

Purple.
Unable to locate flowers after 21 Aug 2013

June, July, August, September

60 x 48
(150 x 120)

Cynara scolymus (Globe artichoke)

Delphinium from
Elatum Group

July, August, September

60 x 18
(150 x 45)

Doronicum 'Harpur Crew' (Leopard's bane)

Eremurus (Foxtail lily)

Eryngium (Sea-holly)

Eryngium alpinum

Eryngium giganteum (Miss Willmott's ghost)

Euphorbia (Spurge) polychroma

Euphorbia robbiae

Euphorbia characias

Euphorbia wulfenii

Filipendula

Filipendula rubra 'Venusta'

June, July

60-100 x 20-40
(150-250 x 50-100)

Helenium autumnale

September, October,
November

60 x 18
(150 x 45)

Helenium decapetalus

Helleborus foetidus

Hosta (Plantain lily)

Hosta
crispula

Deep Violet
or White

August
August

20 x 36
(50 x 90)

Hosta
sieboldiana

July

36 x 48
(90 x 120)

HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL Gallery

with 7 Flower Colours (Red, Pink and Purple on same page) per Month in Colour Wheel.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.
 

To compare
all the flowers of the Herbaceous Perennials as well as
all the flowers of all the other plants in this website,
click on BLOOM IN MONTH GALLERY and select from the same 7 colours per month.

HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL INDEX -
There are over

• 91 herbaceous perennials in the Herbaceous Perennial galleries ,
• 176 herbaceous perennials in the RHS Mixed Borders Garden Design and
• 46 Peonies.

The respective flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and width, foliage thumbnail, form thumbnail use and comments are in the relevant index page below:-
(o) A 1, 2
(o) B
(o) C
(o) D
(o) Diascia Photo Album
(o) E
(o) F
(o) G
(o) H
: I
: J
(o) K
(o) L
(o) M
: N
: O
(o) P 1, 2
(o) UK Peony Index :-
5 with photos and Peony Description Page (PDP),
9 with photos but no PDP yet,
32 without photos and no PDP
: Q
: R
(o) S
: T
: U
: V
: W
: XYZ

FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF RHS WISLEY MIXED BORDER DURING
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
with
'Walkabout' and
'Stateless' Plants Page
and
Why the sight of flowers from 1 in 4 permanent herbaceous perennials in this border is not available

The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists of alpines most likely to thrive and flourish under certain easily defined conditions and for special purposes, with
Alpines and Paving.

The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are at the bottom of the page on Alpine - Sink and Trough Gardens.

MIXED BORDER DESIGN Topic

with 7 Flower Colours - Blue, White, Yellow, Green for Unusual, Red, Orange and Pink per Month in Colour Wheel below.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

The Herbaceous Perennials in this gallery are not compared with other Herbaceous Perennials in the HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GALLERY, but they are compared with each other in the Mixed Border Garden Design Gallery using the above 7 Flower Colours per month Wheel.
 

Ivydene Gardens Stage 4c - Cultivation Requirements, Position and Use Index Gallery:
Use of Plant - Growing Hardy Perennials for the Church Page 1

Botanical Plant Name from Growing Plant Material for the Church chapter in Flowers in Church by Jean Taylor. Published by A.R. Mowbray & Co, Ltd. originally in 1976 and New Impression 1981.

with link to
UK or
European Union
mail-order supplier for you to contact to buy this plant

Church Use from Growing Plant Material for the Church chapter in Flowers in Church by Jean Taylor. Published by A.R. Mowbray & Co, Ltd. originally in 1976 and New Impression 1981.

Flowering Colours

from The Judith Blacklock Encyclopedia of Flower Design by Judith Blacklock. Published by The Flower Press Ltd in 2011 ISBN-13: 978-0-
9552391-0-6

 

Months of Usage in Church

from The Judith Blacklock Encyclopedia of Flower Design by Judith Blacklock. Published by The Flower Press Ltd in 2011 ISBN-13: 978-0-
9552391-0-6

Flower Form of Round,
Spray or
Line

or

Foliage Form of Round,
Spray or
Line

from The Judith Blacklock Encyclopedia of Flower Design by Judith Blacklock. Published by The Flower Press Ltd in 2011 ISBN-13: 978-0-
9552391-0-6

Comments from The Church Garden chapter of Church Flowers by Judith Blacklock. Published by The Flower Press Ltd. Reprinted 2017. ISBN-13: 978-0-9552391
-6-8

and

Flower Arranging The Complete Guide for Beginners by Judith Blacklock. Published by The Flower Press Ltd in 2012.
ISBN-13: 978-0-
9552391-7-5

Form
Form describes the three-dimensional, volumetric 'shape' of a flower or foliage stem:-

• Round Flower Form - Round, circular forms are the focus of any arrangement. It is there to hold and focus the eye. There are many round flowers to choose from, such as, bloom chrysanthemums, dahlia, hydrangea, open lilies, paeonia, open roses and sunflowers
• Spray Flower Form - Spray flowers and berries offer softness and contrast. In a design of mixed flowers, they are the supporting acts to the more dominant round form. Examples are alchemilla mollis, bupleurum, euphorbia, gypsophila, hypericum and solidago.
• Line Flower Form - Line flowers such as aconitum, delphinium and gladiolus are used in large designs to bring colour and texture from the edges into the centre. They are also used extensively in parallel designs.
• Round Foliage Form - The flat surface of round leaves gives an area of calm repose in contrast to other elements in an arrangement. In small designs the leaves of Hedera, pelargonium, ribes, x fatshedera or galax give a completely rounded form. In larger designs, the round shape gives way to a longer form but the smooth plain surface remains important. Examples are fatsia, aspidistra, bergenia and hosta.
• Spray Foliage Form - Spray foliage, where short secondary branches lead off the main stem, is used as a filler to soften the design and to give bulk. Variegated forms are useful to give colour and interest. Some spray forms are skimmia, pittosporum and asparagus umbellatus.
• Line Foliage Form - Line foliage is important in many designs to create the framework. It is placed in position first. Line foliage can be any straight or gently curved stem or branch.In order to create the three-dimensional skeleton, line foliage must have interest down the stem rather than just at the tip. Examples for smaller arrangements are buxus, eucalyptus, ligustrum. Line material for larger designs could be fagus, sorbus aria, cornus and betula.

Achillea filipendula 'Coronation Gold'

Other Achillea (milfoil, yarrow) have flowers from April-July of yellow, gold, white, peach, pink and terracotta.

Dries well.

Mustard-yellow flowers in dense, flattened, plate-like, compound corymbs up to 4 inches (10 cms) across on stiff, erect stems typically rising 24-36 inches (60-90 cms) tall.

April-July

Round

Easily grown in the garden. It dries well on the stem, so if you are looking for fresher flowers search for stems that are greener rather than brown. The tiny flowers making up the bloom should not be crushed or broken. Achillea millefolium is available in gentler colours - cream, pink and lemon - but the stems and flowers are not as robust. Plant randomly amongst ornamental grasses such as Stipa calamagrostis.

Alchemilla mollis (Lady's mantle)

Flowers from April-November of yellow, green.

Long flowering.

Tiny, star-shaped, chartreuse flowers in loose, spreading clusters atop stems rising above the foliage to 12-18 inches (30-45 cms) in June. It has long-stalked, circular, scallop-edged, toothed, pleated, soft-hairy, light green leaves (to 6 inches - 15 cms -across) each with 9-11 shallow rounded lobes.

April-November

Spray

The lime-green flower is perfect in any bouquet of mixed flowers. Grow it in your garden in a shady spot and it will spread as a useful groundcover under shrubs in shade and part shade. Triteleia laxa 'Koningin Fabiola' provides vibrant saphire flowers to mounds of soft lime-green Alchemilla mollis. Both plants enjoy well-drained soil.

Angelica archangelica
(Garden Angelica)

Flowers from June-August of greenish-white

Short-lived, seeds itself.

Tall green Seedheads

In the first year, it produces a clump of compound leaves. In the second year, a hollow-but-stout stem rises to 72 inches (180 cms) tall bearing numerous tiny greenish-white flowers combined to form large, globular, compound umbels (each to 6 inches - 15 cms - diameter).

June-Sep

The flowers bloom in early summer of the second year, followed by seed that ripens in that late summer. Plants die after the seed ripen.

Spray of flowers in second year with Line of leaves in first year.

Easily grown in rich, slightly acidic, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. Do not allow soils to dry out. This plant is a biennial (plants die after producing seed in the second year) that produces foliage in the first year and flowers in the second year. Plants may be grown from seed and may self-seed in optimum growing conditions if spent flower umbels are not removed. May also be propagated by root cuttings taken in the second year. Space new plants 48-72 inches (120-180 cms) apart in the landscape.

Arum italicum (Italian arum, Italian lords-and-ladies)

All parts of this plant are toxic.

Good winter leaves

After bloom, the leaves and spathe die back leaving only the thick spadix which develops attractive, bright orange-red berries in August.

Dec-Aug

Each flower during May-July consists of (1) an erect, finger-like spadix covered with minute, creamy white flowers and (2) a large, sheath-like, light green spathe (bract) which subtends and partially envelops the spadix like a hood. Flowers produced in spring.

Line Flower, Line Seedhead with Round leaves

New leaves emerge in autumn (September) and are evergreen in warm winter climates. Arrowhead-shaped, long-petioled, glossy grayish-green leaves with pale green midribs are 8-12" long. In all climates, foliage goes dormant in summer from late May.

Best grown in medium moisture, consistently moist, humusy, organically rich soils in part shade to full shade.
Grown in deciduous Woodland gardens, alongside paths and shaded border areas using Japanese maples and Siberian dogwoods.  Also consider using ornamental raspberries with showy canes:  Ghost bramble, Rubus cockburnianus 'Aureus'; or wineberry, Rubus phoenicolasius. Underplant with Hosta or Iris (Hosta and Iris are detailed below), as they produce foliage sequentially: when the Hosta withers away, the arum replaces it in early winter, maintaining ground-cover.

Astilbe
(False spiraea)

Plume-like heads

Astilbes’ flower clusters vary in size from 6 inches to 2 feet (15-60 cms) and their height ranges from 6 inches to 5 feet (15-150 cms), depending on the variety.

White ('Deut-schland'),

Pink (chinensis var. pumila),

Red ('Fanal'),

Peach

April-November

Line Flower

A water-loving plant that dries out quickly. Check that the leaves are not curling or the tips wilting through lack of moisture.

The National Collection of Astilbe is held at Marwood Hill Gardens, Barnstaple, Devon.

Astilbes prefer a site that receives light to moderate shade; they will burn in full sun.
Astilbes prefer wet soils like when planted at the water's edge.
They are best planted in groups or drifts, they rarely look impressive as solitary plants. The dwarf varieties are useful to lighten the effect of hostas and bergenias.

Bergenia (Elephant's ear. Pigsqueak for the sound it makes when 2 leaves are rubbed together)

Large, short-stemmed leaves for all the year

Bergenias will grow a spike from 12 to 16 inches (30-40 cms) tall, and the tiny, bell-shaped blooms will cover the spikes in pink, white or purple flowers. These flowers remain for a number of weeks, then begin to die off.

March-May for flowers and new spring foliage. Rest of year for mature foliage which may be tinged purple in winter.

Round foliage and
Spray Flower

There is a National Collection of Bergenia at Cambridge University Botanic Garden.

They prefer any good, deep, fairly heavy soil in light shade beneath tall trees. Plant 12-18 inches (30-45 cms) apart early in the spring. Keep the dead, brown leaves on the plant to provide ground cover from year to year - it prevents the germination of summer weed seeds because they are shaded from the sun. Mulch with 2 inch (5 cms) depth of leaf compost after planting.

Chrysan-themum maximum (Shasta Daisy) 'Wirral Supreme'

Double White

Cortaderia (Pampas grass)

Tall, everlasting grass

Crambe cordifolia

Very big.

Curtonus paniculatus

Acormous plant with giant montbretia-type flowers

Cynara cardunculus (Cardoon)

Grey-green leaves, for pedestals.

Cynara scolymus (Globe artichoke)

Use its seedheads.

Delphinium elatum

Doronicum 'Harpur Crew' (Leopard's bane)

Yellow, daisy-type flowers

Eremurus (Foxtail lily)

Tall, spikey flowers.

Eryngium (Sea-holly)

Dries well

Eryngium alpinum

Fluffy bracts

Eryngium giganteum (Miss Willmott's ghost)

Big (dies after flowering)

Euphorbia (Spurge) polychroma

Bright yellow in spring

Euphorbia robbiae

Rosette-shaped foliage

Euphorbia characias

Euphorbia wulfenii

Filipendula

Closely related to Spiraea and useful 'filler'

Helenium autumnale

Long-lasting, daisy-type flowers

Helenium decapetalus

Long-lasting, daisy-type flowers

Helleborus foetidus

Apple green flowers in winter.

Hosta (Plantain lily)

Summer foliage in many variations

A useful book on Perennials is the Hillier Gardener's Guides Herbaceous Perennials by Andrew McIndoe and Kevin Hobbs. Published by David & Charles in 2005. ISBN: 0 7153 2024 6.

STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY

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Poisonous Plant

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STAGE 1
GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY

Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Trees and Shrubs with Scented Leaves
1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Bark
1, 2, 3

Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an
Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4

Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4

Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3

Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3

Herbaceous Plants with Scented Leaves
1, 2, 3

Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2

Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3

Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2

Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Scented Aquatic Plants
1

Plants with Scented Fruits
1

Plants with Scented Roots
1, 2

Trees and Shrubs with Scented Wood
1

Trees and Shrubs with Scented Gums
1

Scented Cacti and Succulents
1

Plants bearing Flowers or Leaves of Unpleasant Smell
1, 2
 

STAGE 2
INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERY 3

Fan-trained Shape

From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons

Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well.

The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years.

STAGE 4C
CULTIVATION REQUIREMENTS, POSITION AND USE INDEX GALLERY PAGES

Site Map

STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages

Website Structure Explanation and User Guidelines

Plant Type
 

STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements

Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers)

Alpine Shrubs and Conifers

The Alpine Meadow
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3

The Alpine Border
1, 2

Alpine Plants for a Purpose

The Alpines that Dislike Lime 1, 2

Alpines and Walls
Dry Sunny Walls 1a, b
Tops of Walls 2a, b
Dry Shady and Conifers 3a, b

Alpines and
Paving
1, 2

Sink and Trough gardens
1, 2

Aquatic
(Water Plants) for

Anti-erosion River-bank

Marginal Plants (Bog Garden Plants)
1, 2

Oxy-genating Weeds

Water Lilies

Floating Plants

Water-side Plants
and Plants for Dry Margins next to a Pond
1, 2

Wildlife Pond Plants

Annual for

----------------

Exposed Sites

Sheltered Sites with Green-house Annuals from 1916

Extra Poor Soil with Half-Hardy Annuals from 1916

Very Rich Soil with Biennials from 1916

Gap-filling in Mixed Borders with Hardy Annuals from 1916

Patio Con-tainers

Cut Flowers
1, 2, 3 Ever-lasting Flowers with Red Flowers from 1916

Attract-ing bene-ficial insects
1, 2

Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916

Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers

Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals
1, 2

Low-Growing Annuals
1, 2

Medium-Growing Annuals

Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916

Black or Brown Flowers

Blue to Purple Flowers

Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916

Red to Pink Flowers and Cut Flowers
Page
1, 2, 3

White Flowers
1, 2

Yellow or Orange Flowers
1, 2

Dec-orative Foliage

Moist Soil

Shade
1, 2

House-plants with Yellow Flowers from 1916

Edging Beds

Hanging Baskets

Vining Annuals

Bedding for

Spring Bedding

Summer Bedding

Autumn/ Winter Bedding

Bedding for Light Sandy Soil

Bedding for Acid Soil

Bedding for Chalky Soil

Bedding for Clay Soil

Black Flowers

Blue Flowers

Orange Flowers

Pink Flowers

Long Flowering

Coloured Leaves

Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths

Purple Flowers

Red Flowers

White Flowers

Yellow Flowers

Multi-Coloured Flowers

Aromatic Foliage or Scented Flowers

Bedding Plant Use

Flowers with 2 Petals

Flowers with 3 Petals

Flowers with
4 Petals

Flowers with 5 Petals

Flowers with 6 Petals

Flowers with more than 6 Petals

Use in Hanging Baskets

Flower Simple Shape

Shape of
Stars

Shape of
Bowls, Cups and Saucers

Shape of
Globes, Goblets and Chalices

Shape of
Trumpets and Funnels

Shape of
Bells, Thimbles and Urns

Use in Pots and Troughs

Flower Elabo-rated Shape

Shape of
Tubes, Lips and Lobes

Shape of
Slippers, Spurs and Lockets

Shape of
Hats, Hoods and Helmets

Use in
Screen-ing

Use in
Window Boxes

Shape of
Stand-ards, Wings and Keels

Shape of
Discs and Florets

Shape of
Pin-Cushions and Tufts

Shape of
Rosettes, Buttons and Pompons

Use in Bedding Out

Use in
Filling In

Biennial for

Cottage and Other Gardens
1, 2

Cut Flower with Biennials for Rock Work from 1916

Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory

Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916

Scent with Biennials for Sunny Banks or Borders from 1916

Bulb for
--------------
Explan-ation Intro to Bulbs
--------------
725 Blue, White, Yellow, Unusual Colour, or Red-Purple-Pink flowering Bulbs in each month they flower.

Indoor Bulbs for
Dec-ember
January
February

Indoor Bulbs for
March
April
May

Indoor
Bulbs for
June
July
August

Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember
October
November

Bulbs in Window-boxes
1, 2

Bulbs in the Border

Bulbs natural-ised in Grass

Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in
Dec-Jan
Feb-Mar

Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in
Apr-May
Jun-Aug 1, 2, 3, 4

Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in
Sep-Oct
Nov-Dec

Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens

Bulbs for the Bulb Frame

Bulbs in the Wood-land Garden

Bulbs in the Rock Garden

Bulbs in Green-house or Stove

Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums

Clivias,
Colo-casias, Crinums, Cyclam-ens, Cyrt-anthuses, Euchar-ises, Urceo-charis, Eurycles

Freesias, Gloxinias, Hae-manthus, Hipp-eastrums

Lachen-alias, Nerines, Lycorises, Pen-cratiums, Hymen-ocallises, Richardias, Sprekelias, Tuberoses, Vallotas, Watsonias, Zephy-ranthes

Bulbs in Bowls

Bulbs in the Alpine House

Hardy Bulbs

Aconitum, Allium, Alstroe-meria, Anemone 1, 1a

Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline,

Aspho-delus, Belam-canda, Bloom-eria, Brodiae, Bulbo-codium

Calo-chorti, Cyclo-bothras, Camassia, Col-chicum, Con-vallaria,
Forcing Lily of the Valley, Corydalis, Crinum, Crosmia, Mon-tbretia , Crocus

Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis

Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis

Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots,
Scilla, Pusch-kinia, Chion-odoxa, Chiono-scilla, Muscari

Iris,
Kniphofia, Lapey-rousia, Leucojum

Lilium,

Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots

Orni-thogalum, Oxalis, Paeonia, Ran-unculus, Romulea, Sanguin-aria,
Stern-bergia,
Schi-zostylis, Teco-philaea, Trillium

Tulip,
Zephy-ranthus

Half-Hardy Bulbs

Acidan-thera, Albuca, Alstroe-meri, Andro-stephium, Bassers, Boussing-aultias, Bravoas, Cypellas, Dahlias, Galaxis,
Geis-sorhizas, Hesper-anthas

Gladioli, Ixias,
Sparaxises, Babianas, Morphixias, Tritonias

Ixio-lirions, Moraeas, Orni-thogal-ums, Oxalises, Phaedra-nassas,
Pan-cratiums, Tigridias, Zephyr-anthes, Cooper-ias

Bulbs for Bedding

Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for
Spring
1, 2
or
Summer
1, 2

Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with

----------
Choosing the right Plant

1a.
The Base -
Base of Wall Plants

1b.
Annuals

1c.
Herbs and Vege-tables

1d.
Cut
flowers, Cut Foliage

1e.
Scented flower or foliage

1f.
Foliage use only

2a. 1,2,3,4
The Prime - Wall Shrubs

2b.
Fruit trees

3a.
The Higher Reaches -
House-wall Ramblers

3b. 1,2
Non-House-Wall - Climbing Twiners

3c.
Non-House-Wall - Self-clinging Climbers

Raised
Bed for Wheel-chair Users

Plants for Wildlife-Use as well

Fastest Covering

Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained

1, 2
Evergreen

Use as
Hedge

Exposed Positions

Use as Ground-cover

1,2
Ornam-ental Fruit

Scented Flowers

1, 2
Autumn Foliage Colour

Winter Bark

Winter and Early Spring Flowers

Summer Colour or Shape of Foliage

Edible Fruit

Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house

Large
Pots and Con-tainers
1, 2

Cut Flowers

Attractive to Bees

Climber - Simple Flower Shape

Stars

Bowls, Cups and Saucers

Globes, Goblets and Chalices

Trumpets and Funnels

Salver-form

Bells, Thimbles and Urns

Climber - Elabo-rated Flower Shape

Tubes, Lips and Straps

Slippers, Spurs and Lockets

Hats, Hoods and Helmets

Stand-ards, Wings and Keels

Disks and Florets

Pin-cushions, Tufts, Petal-less and Cushions

Umbels, Buttons and Pompoms

Site design and content copyright ©March 2016.
Top menus altered June 2018.
Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:-
This comprehensive book looks at scented flowers and leaves of plants from all over the world. The work has been prepared to the standards of the Index Kewensis, and is filled with the most interesting facts about the scented flora of the world.

I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to
The RHS Companion to Scented Plants Hardcover – 16 Oct 2014 by Stephen Lacey (Author), Andrew Lawson (Photographer) ISBN 978-0-7112-3574-8 even though this is the only major reference work on scent and scented plants which is endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society. See reasons for stopping infilling of previous Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page.

The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines.