FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Culcita dubia |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Culcita javanica |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Culcita straminea |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Dicksonia bipinnata) Fla.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America to Bolivia. Dennstaedtia bipinnata was first found in Florida in 1926 around Lake Okeechobee (J. K. Small 1938). These populations have been extirpated and have been replaced by sugar cane and other agriculture. Populations in Seminole County may be naturalized. |
Stems long-creeping, 5--6 mm diam. Leaves clustered to well separated, arching, 1.5--2.5 × ca. 1 m. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
Sporulates spring and early summer. Moist to wet, forested habitats in acid soils. |
Dennstaedtia bipinnata - Hay Scented Fern sori. Date: 14 July 2008. By Homereward price, via Wikimedia Commons.
Dennstaedtia bipinnata - Botanical specimen in the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens - Sarasota, Florida, USA. Date: 20 March 2017. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Dennstaedtia cicutaria |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Dennstaedtia davallioides |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Dennstaedtia dissecta |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Dennstaedtia punctiloba (Nephrodium punctilobulum) Native flora of Missouri, America. |
Stems long-creeping, 2--3 mm diam. Leaves clustered, erect. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
Sporulates in summer. Rocky slopes, meadows, woods, stream banks, and roadsides, in acid soils; 0--1200 m. |
Dennstaedtia punctiloba - Hay-Scented-Fern-sori. Date: 27 October 2008. By Homer Edward Price, via Wikimedia Commons. Dennstaedtia punctiloba - Hay-Scented Fern. Date: 2 August 2006. By Homer Edward Price, via Wikimedia Commons.
Dennstaedtia punctilobula growing in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. Date: 25 July 2005. By Jaknouse, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Dennstaedtia scandens |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Histiopteris incisa (Pteris incisa; Histiopteris aurita; Litobrochia aurita; 栗蕨 Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan (Baisha, Diaoluo Shan), Hunan (Tongdao, Yizhang), Jiangxi (Jinggangshan), Taiwan, Xizang (Mêdog, Zayü), Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, S Japan; pantropical areas, islands near Antarctica, Madagascar]. |
Plants ca. 2 m tall. Rhizome long creeping, robust, to 5 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales castaneous-brown, shiny, lanceolate, thick, often twisted at apex; stipe reddish castaneous, shiny, ca. 1 m × up to 5 mm. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
Forests; 500-2300 m. |
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Histiopteris incisa sori. Date: 12 February 2003. By Barnasaurus96 , via Wikimedia Commons. New Zealand tree fern - Français : Détail d'une fougère en Nouvelle Zélande.. Date: 6 June 2011. By Symac, via Wikimedia Commons.
日本語: Histiopteris incisa:ユノミネシダ 2015/08/26 沖縄本島:Okinawa Island, Japan. Date: 22 August 2016. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons.
日本語: Histiopteris incisa:ユノミネシダ 2015/08/26 沖縄本島:Okinawa Island, Japan Date: 22 August 2016. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Hypolepis millefolium |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
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Hypolepis millefolium on Lake Marian Trail, Southland (New Zealand). Date: 19 November 2017. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Hypolepis punctata (Polypodium punctatum ; Dryopteris punctata ; Hypolepis yunnanensis ; Nephrodium punctatum ; Phegopteris punctata) 姬蕨 Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Australia, tropical America]. |
Rhizome 1.5-4 mm in diam., with pale brown hairs to 2 mm. Sori circular or ovate, without hairs between sporangia, unprotected. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
Near streams, dense forests; 100-2400 m. |
日本語: Hypolepis punctata:イワヒメワラビ 2015/10/12 和歌山県田辺市:Tanabe City. Wakayama Pref. Japan. Date: 23 December 2015. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons.
日本語: Hypolepis punctata:イワヒメワラビ 2015/10/12 和歌山県田辺市:Tanabe City. Wakayama Pref. Japan. Date: 23 December 2015. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Hypolepis repens (Lonchitis repens) Tropical America, Jamaica. |
Stems long-creeping, branching, 2.5--4 mm diam., pubescence brown. Leaves 9--60 dm. Sori in sinuses of ultimate segment divisions, reniform to semicircular or appearing circular at maturity. Indusia formed from thin, recurved flap of blade tissue, sometimes obscured by sporangia when mature. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
Stove Species. Sporulates essentially all year; low hammocks and swamps, generally wet to moist wooded areas in circumneutral to subacid soils; 0 m. |
Hypolepis repens. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 30 April 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Hypolepis rufobarbata |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
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Hypolepis rugosula |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
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Hypolepis rugosula specimen in the Jardin Botanique de Lyon, Parc de la Tête d'Or, Lyon, France. Date: 26 April 2011. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Hypolepis sparsisora |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
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Hypolepis sparsisora - |
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Hypolepis tenuifolia (Lonchitis tenuifolia ; Cheilanthes arborescens ; Hypolepis gigantea ; 薄叶姬蕨 Hainan (Lingshui), Taiwan [Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines; Australia, Pacific islands (including Pitcairn Islands)]. |
Rhizome 3-10(-13) mm in diam., young parts with dense pale brown hairs, older parts with sparser red-brown hairs. Stipe dark chestnut-brown to almost black, 35-150 cm, 3-15(-20) mm in diam., very base with long, red-brown hairs, upper stipe with colorless, glandular and eglandular hairs, to 5 mm on uncoiling fronds, slightly rough, both sides with narrow wing ca. 1 mm wide. Sori circular or ovate, without hairs between sporangia, protected by well-developed reflexed membranous flaps. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of well-drained pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any tme; division of creeping rhizomes in March. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse evergreen fern. Fronds, feather-shaped. First introduced early nineteenth century. |
Greenhouse Species. Shrubs on wet hillsides, forests; below 100-1600 m. |
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Leptolepia novae-zealandiae |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse |
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Leptolepia novae-zealandiae in Wellington Botanical Garden. Date: 12 November 2017. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Microlepia firma 长托鳞盖蕨 Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand]. |
Plants terrestrial. Rhizome creeping, 7-8 mm in diam., branching, with dense, red-brown, stiff hairs. Fronds ca. 1 cm apart; stipe ca. 75 cm, 5-6 mm in diam. at base, gray-straw-colored, base with long gray-brown hairs, scabrous, distally glabrescent; rachis, rachillae, and stalk concolorous, abaxially densely gray-brown pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Sori at base of notch along acroscopic margin of ultimate lobules, usually becoming shortly columnar and protruding from indusium; indusium brownish, hemitelioid, large, with dense long hairs. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
Forests; 1200-2500 m. |
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Microlepia hirta |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
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Microlepia hirta - Botanical specimen. The University of Helsinki Botanical Garden at Kaisaniemi. Date: 12 August 2012. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Microlepia marginata 边缘鳞盖蕨 bian yuan lin gai jue Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. |
Plants terrestrial, robust, 0.6-1.2 m tall. Rhizome 4-5 mm in diam., with dense, red-brown, subulate hairs. Fronds ca. 2[-5] cm apart; stipe straw-colored, 50-70 cm, thick and strong, base with hairs like those of rhizome. Sori 5-7 per lobe, orbicular, near margin; indusium hemitelioid, wider, truncate above, glabrous or hairy. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
Forests, shrublands; below 100-1800 m. |
日本語: Microlepia marginata:フモトシダ 2015/07/19 和歌山県田辺市:Tanabe City. Wakayama Pref. Japan. Date: 22 August 2015. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons. フモトシダ. Date:21 November 2015, 15:37, Microlepia marginata. By harum.koh from Kobe city, Japan, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Microlepia platyphylla (Davallia lonchitidea, Davallia platyphylla ; Microlepia grandissima) 阔叶鳞盖蕨 India, Ceylon, Japan. |
Plants terrestrial. Rhizome creeping, 15-20 mm in diam., stiff and woody, with dense, dark red-brown, subulate bristles. Fronds approximate, ca. 2 m tall; stipe light brown to straw-colored, shiny, 70-100 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam. at base, woody, hairy only at base. Sori 2-5 per lobule, orbicular and large; indusium brown, orbicular-reniform, large, membranous, entire, basifixed, glabrous, persistent. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
erect to 48 inches (120 cms). Forests; 1000-2100 m. |
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Microlepia speluncae (Polypodium speluncae ; Aspidium speluncae ; Davallia flaccida ; D. polypodioides ; D. polypodioides var. pilosa ; 热带鳞盖蕨 |
Plants terrestrial, 1.2-1.5(-2) m tall. Rhizome creeping, more than 7 mm in diam., glabrescent. Fronds scattered; stipe straw-colored, ca. 50[-70] cm, stiff, usually with dense, short, gray-brown, segmented hairs. Sori near notch at margin of lobules; indusium brownish, shallowly saucer- or fan-shaped, small, firm, densely hairy. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia (Queensland), Pacific islands (Polynesia), South America (Brazil), West Indies]. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
Roadsides, shrublands; below 100-1100 m. |
Microlepia speluncae - Limpleaf fern Dennstaedtiaceae Indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands Oʻahu (Cultivated). Microlepia speluncae - Limpleaf fern Dennstaedtiaceae Indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands Oʻahu (Cultivated). |
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Microlepia strigosa (Trichomanes strigosum ; Davallia japonica ; 粗毛鳞盖蕨 cu mao lin gai jue Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Himalaya, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Pacific islands]. |
Plants terrestrial, 80-110 cm tall. Rhizome long and creeping, ca. 4[-5] mm in diam., with dense, long, gray-brown, acicular hairs. Fronds distant; stipe brown, ca. 50 cm, ca. 4 mm in diam. at base, basally densely hairy, hairs abscising easily to leave scabrous marks. Sori small, near margin of lobes; indusium brown, hemitelioid, with short brown hairs. |
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Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for
Stove fern, similar to Davallia, and formerly included in that genus. |
Forests; 100-1000 m. |
日本語: Microlepia strigosa:イシカグマ 2015/07/20 和歌山県すさみ町;Susami Town, Wakayama Pref. Japan. Date: 1 August 2015. By Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons. Microlepia strigosa (Palapalai). Fronds at Waikapu Valley, Maui, Hawaii. April 25, 2012. By Forest and Kim Starr, via Wikimedia Commons. Plant Delights Nursery sells Microlepia strigosa 'MacFaddeniae'. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
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If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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