EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Site Map of pages with content (o)
PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES FOLIAGE COLOUR FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
Ivydene Gardens Extra Pages of Plants |
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Plants with large horizontal leaves are effective in filtering dust from the environment, with mature trees being capable of filtering up to 70 per cent of dust particles caused by traffic. Plants can also offset the pollution effects of traffic. 20 trees are needed to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by one car driven for 60 miles. More Plants as Pollution Barriers are described following the Pollution Barrier table above. Hedges are described in the Hedge Garden Use Page. Thorny Hedges are described in the Thorny Hedge Garden Use Page. Trees to provide a Windbreak are described in the Windbreak Garden Use Page. Trees to put in Lawns are described in Trees for Lawns Garden Use Page. Plants to put with trees in Woodland are described in the Woodland Garden Use Page. |
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Item 44 of the Plants for a Purpose in Notcutts Book of Plants of September 1994 from Notcutts Nurseries Limited - printed by Ancient House Press in Ipswich, Surrey - provides many of the plants in this page. |
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The overall amount of sunlight received depends on aspect, the direction your garden faces:- North-facing gardens get the least light and can be damp South-facing gardens get the most light East-facing gardens get morning light West-facing gardens get afternoon and evening light
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Surface soil moisture is the water that is in the upper 10 cm (4 inches) of soil, whereas root zone soil moisture is the water that is available to plants, which is generally considered to be in the upper 200 cm (80 inches) of soil:-
Sun Aspect:-
Acid Site - An acid soil has a pH value below 7.0. Clay soils are usually acid and retentive of moisture, requiring drainage. The addition of grit or coarse sand makes them more manageable. Peaty soil is acidic with fewer nutrients and also requires drainage. Alkaline Soil - An alkaline soil has a pH value above 7.0. Soils that form a thin layer over chalk restrict plant selection to those tolerant of drought. Bank / Slope problems include soil erosion, surface water, summer drought and poor access (create path using mattock to pull an earth section 180 degrees over down the slope). Then, stabilise the earth with 4 inches (10cms) depth of spent mushroom compost under the chicken wire; before planting climbers/plants through it. Cold Exposed Inland Site is an area that is open to the elements and that includes cold, biting winds, the glare of full sun, frost and snow - These plants are able to withstand very low temperatures and those winds in the South of England. Dust and Pollution Barrier - Plants with large horizontal leaves are particularly effective in filtering dust from the environment, with mature trees being capable of filtering up to 70% of dust particles caused by traffic. Plants can also help offset the pollution effects of traffic. 20 trees are needed to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by 1 car driven for 60 miles. Front of Border / Path Edges - Soften edges for large masses of paving or lawn with groundcover plants. Random areas Within Paths can be planted with flat-growing plants. Other groundcover plants are planted in the Rest of Border. Seaside Plants that deal with salt-carrying gales and blown sand; by you using copious amounts of compost and thick mulch to conserve soil moisture. Sound Barrier - The sound waves passing through the plant interact with leaves and branches, some being deflected and some being turned into heat energy. A wide band of planting is necessary to achieve a large reduction in the decibel level. Wind Barrier - By planting a natural windbreak you will create a permeable barrier that lets a degree of air movement pass through it and provide shelter by as far as 30 times their height downwind. Woodland ground cover under the shade of tree canopies.
In the case of some genera and species, at least two - and sometimes dozens of - varieties and hybrids are readily available, and it has been possible to give only a selection of the whole range. To indicate this, the abbreviation 'e.g.' appears before the selected examples ( for instance, Centaurea cyanus e.g. 'Jubilee Gem'). If an 'e.g.' is omitted in one list, although it appears beside the same plant in other lists, this means that that plant is the only suitable one - or the only readily available suitable one - in the context of that particular list. |
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Chalky alkaline soils are derived from chalk or limestone with a pH of 7.1 or above.
THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 10,000:-
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To locate mail-order nursery for plants from the UK in this gallery try using search in RHS Find a Plant. To locate plants in the European Union (EU) try using Search Term in Gardens4You and Meilland Richardier in France. To locate mail-order nursery for plants from America in this gallery try using search in Plant Lust. To locate plant information in Australia try using Plant Finder in Gardening Australia. |
The following is from "A land of Soil, Milk and Honey" by Bernard Jarman in Star & Furrow Issue 122 January 2015 - Journal of the Biodynamic Association;_ "Soil is created in the first place through the activity of countlesss micro-organisms, earthworms and especially the garden worm (Lumbricus terrestris). This species is noticeably active in the period immediately before and immediately after mid-winter. In December we find it (in the UK) drawing large numbers of autumn leaves down into the soil. Worms consume all kinds of plant material along with sand and mineral substances. In form, they live as a pure digestive tract. The worm casts excreted from their bodies form the basis of a well-structured soil with an increased level of available plant nutrients:-
Worms also burrow to great depths and open up the soil for air and water to penetrate, increasing the scope of a fertile soil. After the earthworm, the most important helper of the biodynamic farmer is undoubetdly
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Soil Moisture:- |
Sun Aspect:- |
Plant Location:- |
Plant Name with link to mail-order nursery in UK / Europe Plant Names will probably not be in Alphabetical Order |
Common Name with link to mail-order nursery in USA |
Flower-ing Months |
Flower-ing Colour |
Height x Spread in 25.4mm = 1 inch
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Plant Type |
Comment |
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AC = Acid Soil |
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AL = Alkaline Soil |
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AN = Any for Acid, Neutral or Alkaline Soil |
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FA = Grow for Flower Arrangers |
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FB = Front of Border |
RB = Rest of Border SP = Speciman RG = Rock Garden |
WP = Within Path CL = Climber or Shrub grown against a wall or fence |
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BE = Bedding |
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GP = Grow in Pot / Container |
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HB = Grow in Hanging Basket |
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HE = Hedge |
TH = |
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BG = Grow in Bog Area |
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BA = Grow on Bank / Slope |
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Soil:- AN = Any Soil |
SE = Seaside / Coastal Plants |
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CH = Chalk |
EX = Cold Exposed Inland Site |
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CL = Clay |
DP = Dust and Pollution Barrier |
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LF = Lime-Free (Acid Soil) |
D = Dry |
S = Full Sun |
SO = Sound Barrier |
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PD = Poorly Drained |
M = Moist |
PS = Part Shade |
WI = Wind Barrier |
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LS = Light Sand |
W = Wet |
FS = Full Shade |
WO = Woodland |
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AN |
CH |
CL |
LF |
PD |
LS |
D |
M |
W |
S |
PS |
FS |
AC |
AL |
AN |
FA |
FB |
BE |
GP |
HB |
HE SC |
BG |
BA |
SE |
EX |
DP |
SO |
WI |
WO |
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SP |
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PE |
DS |
WP |
TH |
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Without plants there could be no life on earth.Plants can provide shelter from winds; shade from ultra violet (UV) light, sound barriers and the following as dust-barriers and pollution mops:- |
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Aralia |
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Aralia elata |
Japanese Angelica Tree |
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Usually suckering shrubs of small, sparsely branched trees. Fast. Stout, spiny stems carry huge, bi-pinnate leaves up to 150 cms (60 inches) long gathered partly in a ruff-like arrangement towards the tips of the stems displaying large branched panicles of small white flowers around a central axis in Aug-Sep. |
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Arbutus |
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Arbutus unedo |
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Wide topped shrubs. Large, narrowly oval dark green leaves. Pendent, ivory coloured flowers appear Oct-Nov with the ripening orange-red fruit from the previous season. |
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Berberis - Deciduous Varieties |
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Berberis |
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Berberis - Evergreen Varieties |
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Berberis |
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Buddleja |
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Buddleja alternifolia |
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This is small and slow growing. |
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Buxus |
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Buxus sempervirens |
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Camellia varieties |
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Camellia |
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Ceratostigma willmottianum |
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Ceratostigma willmottianum |
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Cistus varieties |
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Cistus |
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Colutea |
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Colutea arborescens |
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Cornus varieties |
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Cornus |
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Corylus varieties |
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Corylus |
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There are 180 families in the Wildflowers of the UK and they have been split up into 22 Galleries to allow space for up to 100 plants per gallery. Each plant named in each of the Wildflower Family Pages may have a link to:- its Plant Description Page in its Common Name in one of those Wildflower Plant Galleries and will have links to external sites to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name, to see photos in its Flowering Months and to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
Choose 1 of these different Plant selection Methods:- 1. Choose a plant from 1 of 53 flower colours in the Colour Wheel Gallery. 2. Choose a plant from 1 of 12 flower colours in each month of the year from 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery. 3. Choose a plant from 1 of 6 flower colours per month for each type of plant:- 4. Choose a plant from its Flower Shape:- 5. Choose a plant from its foliage:- 6. There are 6 Plant Selection Levels including 7. Choose a plant from the soil it prefers:- 8. Choose a plant from its Fragrance - see alongside in the column with the blue background. 9. when I do not have my own photos or ones from mail-order nursery photos, then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:-
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The following details come from Cactus Art:- "A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female). Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds. Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube.
Androecium (male Parts or stamens) Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil)
It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures.
The following details come from Nectary Genomics:- "NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins. NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate. WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%." |
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It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
Closed Bud |
Opening Bud |
Juvenile Flower |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
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Older juvenile Flower |
Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
Middle-aged Flower |
Mature Flower |
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Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying |
their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you do not look at all the photos of that rose in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
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Plant Selection by Flower Colour |
Blue Flowers |
Other Colour Flowers |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:- "Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation.
There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America.
"Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph. |
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Red Flowers |
White Flowers |
Yellow Flowers |
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Height in inches (cms):- 25.4mm = 1 inch I normally round this to |
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Site design and content copyright ©December 2006. Page structure changed September 2012. Created New Page structure and Pages before information added to those new pages. May 2015. Data added to existing pages and page structure changed December 2017. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. Perryhill Nurseries sells Plants for a Purpose in these lists:-
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More Plants as Pollution Barriers are described following in this table; the Pollution Barrier table below. Hedges are described in the Hedge Garden Use Page. Thorny Hedges are described in the Thorny Hedge Garden Use Page. Trees to provide a Windbreak are described in the Windbreak Garden Use Page. Trees to put in Lawns are described in Trees for Lawns Garden Use Page. Plants to put with trees in Woodland are described in the Woodland Garden Use Page. |
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Shrub |
Comment |
Cotinus varieties |
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Cotoneaster varieties |
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Cytisus varieties |
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Deutzia varieties |
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Elaeagnus varieties |
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Erica varieties |
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Escallonia |
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Eucalyptus |
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Euonymus evergreen varieties |
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Fatsia japonica |
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Forsythia |
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Genista |
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Hedera colchica |
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Hedera hibernica |
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Hibiscus syriacus |
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Hydrangea |
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Hypericum |
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Ilex |
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Kerria |
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Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud' |
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Leycestria formosa |
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Lonicera prostrate forms |
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Magnolia |
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Mahonia |
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Olearia x haastii |
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Osmanthus |
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Pernettya |
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Philadelphus |
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Physcocarpus opulifolius 'Dart's Gold' |
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Potentilla |
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Prunus laurocerasus |
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Pyracantha |
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Rhododendron Hardy Hybrids |
Rhododendron nectar is toxic to bees |
Azalea |
Azalea nectar is toxic to bees |
Rhus |
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Ribes |
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Rubus tricolor |
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Sambucus |
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Sarcococca humilis |
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Senecio 'Sunshine' |
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Skimmia |
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Spartium junceum |
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Spiraea |
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Stephanandra incisa 'Crispa' |
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Symphoricarpos |
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Syringa |
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Tamarix tetandra |
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Ulex |
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Viburnum tinus |
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Vinca |
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Vinca major |
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Weigela |
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Conifers |
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Ginkgo biloba |
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Juniperus media 'Pfitzeriana' |
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Juniperus media 'Aurea' |
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Juniperus squamata 'Blue Carpet' |
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Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' |
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Juniperus squamata 'Meyeri' |
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Juniperus virginiana 'Grey Owl' |
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Metasequoia glyptostroboides |
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Taxus baccata |
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Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' |
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Taxus baccata 'Aurea' |
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Ivydene Gardens Extra Pages of Plants: |
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Plant Height from Text Border in this Gallery |
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Brown = |
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Green = |
Red = |
Black = |
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Plant Soil Moisture from Text Background in this Gallery |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
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Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June). |
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Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution by Ronse De Craene Louis P. (ISBN-10: 0521493463 and ISBN-13: 978-0521493468) ." Floral morphology remains the cornerstone for plant identification and studies of plant evolution. This guide gives a global overview of the floral diversity of the angiosperms through the use of detailed floral diagrams. These schematic diagrams replace long descriptions or complicated drawings as a tool for understanding floral structure and evolution. They show important features of flowers, such as the relative positions of the different organs, their fusion, symmetry, and structural details. The relevance of the diagrams is discussed, and pertinent evolutionary trends are illustrated. The range of plant species represented reflects the most recent classification of flowering plants based mainly on molecular data, which is expected to remain stable in the future. This book is invaluable for researchers and students working on plant structure, development and systematics, as well as being an important resource for plant ecologists, evolutionary botanists and horticulturists." from Product Description by Amazon. Very useful book if you understand the language of botany. The Daily Telegraph Best Flowers to Grow and Cut by David Joyce (ISBN 0 7112 2366 1) groups plants according to defined characteristics of flower simple shape, elaborated shape, flower details and flower textures. Using that system, this plant gallery has thumbnail pictures in:-
A thumbnail of a plant can be in each of the above 3.
7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel
Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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From Annuals and Biennials chapter in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:- "I think there is a case to be considered for annuals and biennials in ground-cover schemes so long as they will sow themselves freely. |
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Use |
Plant |
Comments |
Lawn and ground-cover under conifer trees |
Poa annua |
The needles under a cedar tree were weekly swept away and the grass, despite fertilizers, top dressing, re-seading and re-turfing, simply would not grow. The needles were left alone and within 12 months the area became self-sown with a close and permanent sward of Poa nnua. This little grass regenerates itself constantly so that it makes a lawn, though each plant has only a short life. |
Oxalis rosea |
This is highly successful in the shade of conifers or any other tree |
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Cyclamen hederifolium |
This is a perennial, though sowing itself freely when suited and it is here because plants to grow under cedars and yews, somewhat away from the trunks, are very few. |
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Temporary ground-cover under trees |
Tropaeolum or Eschscholtzia |
A sheet of 'Gleam' nasturtiums or eschscholtzia; both are free-flowering and easily pulled up, though like all annuals it may be a year or two later before all dispersed seeds have germinated. Silene armeria and Iberis amara are equally successful, with Sett Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) creating a dwarf ground-cover carpet in late summer. |
Ground-cover under trees with high rainfall |
Claytonia sibirica (Montia sibirica) |
This grows under trees where the grass is thin at high altitude and high rainfall. It covers the area - interpersed with primroses and Oxalia acetosella - with a mass of pinky-white stars a few inches (cms) above the ground. Claytonia perfoliata is an annual; it is usually classed as a weed but is excellent cover in cool, acid soil, but far less conspicuous in flower |
Streamsides, river banks and fringes of boggy ground |
Impatiens glandulifera (Impatiens roylei, Annual Balsam) |
It is a rapid colonizer because its seeds are ejected with some force from the ripe pods. It seeds with great abandon and grows to 72 (180) or more; its many pink flowers make a great show. |
Full sun and drier soils than by streamsides |
Angelica archangelica |
It very quickly produces great green heads in spring, ripening quickly, with the result that the ground is thickly covered with seedlings in late summer. Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) will colonize any sunny waste place and produce yellow blooms for weeks in the summer Lychnis coronaria is a prolific seeder with rosettes of silvery basal leaves. Erysimum linifolium (Wallflower) produces lilac flowers |
Plants that seed about with abandon |
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From Appendix II Lists of plants for special conditions in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:- |
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Plant |
Plant |
Plant |
1. Plants requiring lime-free soils
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Arctostaphylos. |
Erica. |
Philesia. |
2. Plants which will thrive in limy soils
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Acaena. |
Cotula. |
Paeonia. |
3. Plants which tolerate clay.
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Acanthus. |
Euonymus fortunei. |
Rodgersia. |
4. Plants which will grow satisfactorily in dry, shady places. Apart from ill-drained clay, this combination of conditions is the most difficult to cope with in the garden. * indicates those which will not tolerate lime. |
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Alchemilla conjuncta. |
Fragaria. |
Reynoutria. |
5. Plants which thrive on moist soils. Genera marked * are suitable for boggy positions. |
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Ajuga. |
Cornus stolonifera. |
*Onoclea. |
6. Plants which grow well in shady positions. The bulk of these are woodland plants, growing well under shrubs and trees, but those marked * are not so satisfactory under trees, though thriving in the shade given by buildings. For those requiring lime-free soil, compare with List 1. |
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Adiantum. |
Carex. |
Epigaea. |
Helxine. |
Onoclea. |
Shortia. |
7. Plants which will thrive in hot, sunny places on dry soils. Those marked * require lime-free soil. |
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Acaena. |
Dimorphotheca. |
Lychnis coronaria. |
8. Plants which thrive in maritime districts. Many of the following will stand wind and salt-spray, particularly those marked *. Those marked ** will provide shelter for others and shelter is highly important in seaside gardening. For genera requiring, lime-free soil, compare with List 1. |
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Acaena. |
Aubretia. |
Ceanothus. |
*Genista. |
Pulsatilla. |
*Sedum. |
9. Plants which create barriers. The following by their dense or prickly character will deter small animals and human beings as well as weeds. |
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Arundinaria anceps. |
Mahonia japonica. |
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10. Plants for town gardens. Genera marked * prefer acid soil; those marked £ will thrive in impoverished soils. Soil in towns is usually deficient in humus. |
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£Acanthus. |
Euonymus. |
Ribes. |
EXPLAINATION OF WHY SOIL IN UK TOWNS IS USUALLY DEFICIENT IN HUMUS.
Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays.
The humus provides the organic polymers to interact with the clay domains and bacterium to stick the 2 grains of sand together. This soil molecule of 2 grains of sand, organic polymers, clay domains and bacterium will disintegrate by the action of the bacterium or fungal enymatic catalysis on the organic polymers. So if a continuous supply of humus is not present, then the soil molecules will break up into sand and clay. |
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Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs
Only Earthworms provide the tunnels which transport water, gas and nutrients to and from roots. When the roots of the plant requires the mineral nutrients dissolved in soil water, oxygen and nitrogen intake and waste gases output, it gets it through the action of the earthworm continously making tunnels to provide the transport system. |
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11. Plants suitable for covering rose-beds. The following are all small plants that will not be strong-growing for the purpose, and will help to make the beds more attractive during the 7 months when Hybrid Teas and Floribundas are not in flower. Small spring-flowering bulbs can be grown through them. The more vigorous shrub roses will tolerate many others among the shorter growing plants in this 1000 ground cover table. |
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Acaena. |
Cardamine trifolia. |
Primula auricula. |
Collins Aura Garden Handbooks Trees for Small Gardens by Susan Conder. Published by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd in 1988. On page 17 , it shows how to plant a tree in a lawn, but:-
On page 23 it has diagrams showing how to remove a large limb. The fourth diagram is incorrect and below is why - you should leave the branch collar on the tree instead of cutting it off. In the centre of each trunk and branch there is a section of nerves used by the tree to get information from all of its branches and trunk and then sending replies of what to do about it. You could say that the Branch Collar is like a junction box, where you cut off after it but not before; otherwise the tree still thinks that branch is still there and then will make invalid decisions. These nerve fibres are the last item in the branches/trunk that rot away. Branch Collar Most gardens of new houses in England in 2023 are too small for trees, and I would recommend using top fruit and soft fruit trained onto the boundaries. If you add a chainlink fence, then you will have plenty of places to tie cordons, espaliers, fans and blackberries. If you want trees, then you can follow their method of putting them into containers as shown on pages 18 and 19, or train the trees as a a 80 (200cm) high hedge and allow 36 inches (90) from the boundary to the lawn for the hedge to grow in with bulbs and mulch between the lawn and the hedge. |
Ivydene Gardens Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery: |
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EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elab--orated |
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Tubes, Lips and Straps |
Hats, Hoods and Helmets |
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Natural Arrange--ments |
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Spheres, Domes and Plates |
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These 2 systems of comparison:-
Procedure by Chris Garnons-Williams to compare ground cover plants in flower/foliage colour, flower shape and plant use, then I am executing this:-
These are the galleries that will provide the plants to be added to their own Extra Index Pages
The following Extra Index of Evergreen Perennials is created on the right hand side of the page in the P-Evergreen M-Z Gallery, to which the Evergreen Perennial found in the above list will have that row copied to. Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
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This version of these links with a white background contains links to the pages in the Evergreen Perennial Shape Gallery, Evergreen Perennial Gallery and the Plants Topic The version of these links with a yellow background contains links to the pages in the Wildflower Shape Gallery and the Plants Topic |
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Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant. |
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Rock |
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Plant Roots only get their nutrients and water by being associated with |
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Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3 |
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Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. This white background part of the table is used to incorporate plants that I have detailed in a Plant Description Page or in a row of a Table, therefore it is usually plants with their description for the UK climate with its reduced number of zones. |
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Evergreen Perennial Form |
Prostrate or Trailing. |
Cushion or Mound-forming |
Spreading or Creeping |
Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves |
Erect or Upright. |
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Evergreen Perennial Use |
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Attracts Butter-flies |
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Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden |
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Evergreen Perennial in Soil |
Clay + |
Peat + |
Any + |
+ Evergreen Perennials in Pages in Plants |
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Peony Use |
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If you want to understand how to look after your plants inside or outside the home, |
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Teaming with Microbes: The Organic Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Food Web (Revised Edition) By Jeff Lowenfels and Wayne Lewis. Teaming with Microbes extols the benefits of cultivating the soil food web. First, it clearly explains the activities and organisms that make up the web. Next, it explains how gardeners can cultivate the life of the soil through the use of compost, mulches, and compost tea. The revised edition updates the original text and includes two completely new chapters — on mycorrhizae (beneficial associations fungi form with green-leaved plants) and archaea (single-celled organisms once thought to be allied to bacteria)." |
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Teaming with Nutrients: The Organic Gardener’s Guide to Optimizing Plant Nutrition By Jeff Lowenfels Most gardeners realize that plants need to be fed but know little or nothing about the nature of the nutrients involved. Teaming with Nutrients explains the role of both macronutrients and micronutrients and shows gardeners how to provide these essentials through organic, easy-to-follow techniques. Along the way, Lowenfels offers accessible lessons in the biology, chemistry, and botany needed to understand how nutrients get to the plant and what they do once they’re inside the plant." |
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Teaming with Fungi: The Organic Grower’s Guide to Mycorrhizae by Jeff Lowenfels |
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Teaming with Bacteria: The Organic Gardener’s Guide to Endophytic Bacteria and the Rhizophagy Cycle (Hardback) by Jeff Lowenfels |
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Just as then The Complete Book of Ground Covers - 4000 Plants that reduce Maintenance, Control Erosion, and Beautify the Landscape by Gary Lewis provides the same for America.
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Alpine Plant Gardening The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists of alpines most likely to thrive and flourish under certain easily defined conditions and for special purposes, which may be considered first choices, from Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962.
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The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process with the following pages on Alpine Plants |
Alpines and Walls |
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COLOUR WHEEL USES GALLERY PAGES |
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EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Site Map of pages with content (o) |
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PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES FOLIAGE COLOUR FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
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Ivydene Gardens Extra Pages of Plants |
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"INTRODUCTION |
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Why not grow edibles in containers outside? See bottom of page. |
Frosted flowering rose!!! |
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Choosing the right compost for indoor edibles:-
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Aggregates for indoor edibles:-
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Watering indoor edibles:-
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Surface soil moisture is the water that is in the upper 10 cm (4 inches) of soil, whereas root zone soil moisture is the water that is available to plants, which is generally considered to be in the upper 200 cm (80 inches) of soil:-
Sun Aspect:-
Acid Site - An acid soil has a pH value below 7.0. Clay soils are usually acid and retentive of moisture, requiring drainage. The addition of grit or coarse sand makes them more manageable. Peaty soil is acidic with fewer nutrients and also requires drainage. Alkaline Soil - An alkaline soil has a pH value above 7.0. Soils that form a thin layer over chalk restrict plant selection to those tolerant of drought. Bank / Slope problems include soil erosion, surface water, summer drought and poor access (create path using mattock to pull an earth section 180 degrees over down the slope). Then, stabilise the earth with 4 inches (10cms) depth of spent mushroom compost under the chicken wire; before planting climbers/plants through it. Cold Exposed Inland Site is an area that is open to the elements and that includes cold, biting winds, the glare of full sun, frost and snow - These plants are able to withstand very low temperatures and those winds in the South of England. Dust and Pollution Barrier - Plants with large horizontal leaves are particularly effective in filtering dust from the environment, with mature trees being capable of filtering up to 70% of dust particles caused by traffic. Plants can also help offset the pollution effects of traffic. 20 trees are needed to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by 1 car driven for 60 miles. Front of Border / Path Edges - Soften edges for large masses of paving or lawn with groundcover plants. Random areas Within Paths can be planted with flat-growing plants. Other groundcover plants are planted in the Rest of Border. Seaside Plants that deal with salt-carrying gales and blown sand; by you using copious amounts of compost and thick mulch to conserve soil moisture. Sound Barrier - The sound waves passing through the plant interact with leaves and branches, some being deflected and some being turned into heat energy. A wide band of planting is necessary to achieve a large reduction in the decibel level. Wind Barrier - By planting a natural windbreak you will create a permeable barrier that lets a degree of air movement pass through it and provide shelter by as far as 30 times their height downwind. Woodland ground cover under the shade of tree canopies.
In the case of some genera and species, at least two - and sometimes dozens of - varieties and hybrids are readily available, and it has been possible to give only a selection of the whole range. To indicate this, the abbreviation 'e.g.' appears before the selected examples ( for instance, Centaurea cyanus e.g. 'Jubilee Gem'). If an 'e.g.' is omitted in one list, although it appears beside the same plant in other lists, this means that that plant is the only suitable one - or the only readily available suitable one - in the context of that particular list. |
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Plant Name with link to mail-order nursery in UK / Europe Plant Names will probably not be in Alphabetical Order |
Common Name with link to mail-order nursery in USA |
Planning your Indoor Edible gardening year will help you to produce a year-round indoor edible garden, showing what to sow and plant through the seasons, and when you can expect a harvest from the crops in Indoor Edible Garden: Creative ways to grow herbs, fruits and vegetables in your home by Zia Allaway. Although most plants grow from spring to autumn when conditions are optimum, remember that you can still enjoy fresh salad leaves, sprouts, and fruits (such as citrus), in winter when light levels and temperatures are lower.
So, having harvested them, one needs cookery recipes to prepare gastronomic delights for your delight and delectation. |
Which compost to use for the relevant indoor plant is stated above.
Comment |
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Indoor edibles with Zones. |
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Ocimum basilicum |
Sweet Basil |
Incredible Vegetables from Self-Watering Containers Using Ed's Amazing Pots System (Portable, Organic, Trouble-free, Secret Soil Formula) by Edward C. Smith. Published by Storey Publishing in 2006. ISBN 13: 978-1-58017-556-2.
The combination of using the Self-Watering Containers as described in the "A pot for every plant" chapter and his secret soil formula described in the "Whats in the pot" chapter will guarantee healthy strong growth of vegetables and herbs grown in containers. |
Zones 1,2,3. |
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Allium schoenoprasum |
Garden Chives |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8. |
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Cymbopogon schoenanthus |
Zones 1,2,3 |
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Mentha piperita f. citrata 'Basil' |
Basil Mint |
How to extract Mint oils from leaves, since we need mint oil in the following recipe. Favourite Easy to Make Recipes - Simple Ideas for First Cookery. Published by J. Salmon Ltd. ISBN 1-902842-68-5. |
Zones 2,3,6,7,8 |
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Origanum vulgare |
Marjoram, Oregano |
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Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Petroselinum crispum |
Flat-leaved Parsley |
A Book of Welsh Soups & Savouries recipes from the traditional heart of Welsh cookery, including traditional Welsh Cawl by Bobby Freeman. Published by Y Lolfa Cyf. in 1987, Seventh impression 2006. |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Rosmarinus officinalis |
Common Rosemary |
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Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Salvia officinalis |
Common Sage |
Beeton's New Book of Garden Management - A compendium of the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, and a Complete Guide to Gardening in all its Branches. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. Limited |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Thymus vulgaris |
Common Thyme |
Tiny Tabletop Gardens 35 projects for super-small spaces - outdoors and in by Emma Hardy. Published in 2017 by CICO Books. ISBN 978-1-78249-413-3. Some suggested plants - Lavandula 'Pretty Polly (lavender), Origanum vulgare (Oregano / wild marjoram), Rosmarinus offcinalis (Common rosemary), Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens' (purple sage), Thymus 'Golden Queen' (Lemon thyme) and Thymus 'Silver Queen' (thyme). |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Dendrobium |
Dendrobium orchid |
Great Containers - making - decorating - planting - by Clare MatthewsPublished by Hamlyn in 2004. ISBN 0 600 60947 2.
Decorative techniques Yellow is a versatile colour and one that abounds in the garden, from pale yellows with a fresh purity, through clear yellow, to deeper golden yellows. In containers, yellow can be used to create a number of effects - clear bright yellows are eye catching, pale yellows are suited to simple pretty displays, while the deeper golds and mustards reflect less light and have a more opulent feel. |
Zones 2,3,6,7 |
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Pot marigold |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Scented pelargonium |
Zones 1,2,3,7,8 |
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Tulip |
Zones 2,6,7,8 |
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Viola |
Zones 1,2,3,4,7,8 |
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'Bolthardy' Beetroot |
Vegetables: Grow Them, Cook Them, Eat Them by Charlotte Popescu. Published by Cavalier Paperbacks in 2004. ISBN 1-899470-25-5. |
Zones 2,6,7,8 |
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Daucus carota subsp. sativus |
Carrots |
Sproutman's Kitchen Garden Cookbook by Steve Meyerowitz. Fifth Edition Published 1999. ISBN 1-878736-86-8 |
Zones 2,6,7,8 |
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Garlic greens |
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Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Lactuca sativa |
Lettuce |
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Zones 2,4,5,6,7,8 |
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Tiny Tabletop Gardens 35 projects for super-small spaces - outdoors and in by Emma Hardy. Published in 2017 by CICO Books. ISBN 978-1-78249-413-3. Other Edible Plants Projects:-
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Zones 1,2,3,4,5,7 |
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Mizuna |
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Zones 2,4,5,6,7,8 |
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Mibuna |
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Mushroom |
From Cooking in 10 minutes or The adaption to the rhythm of our times by Edouard de Pomaine. Published in 2008 by Serif. ISBN 978 1 897959 61 9. |
Zones 2,4,5,6,7 |
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Pak choi |
Simply Beef & Lamb by EBLEX which is a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. |
Zones 2,4,5,6,7,8 |
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Raphanus sativus |
'Cherry Belle' Radish |
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Zones 2,3,5,6,7,8 |
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Allium cepa 'White Lisbon' |
White Lisbon Spring onion |
Maw Broon's Cookbook - for every day and special days by Jeannie Broon. Published by Waverley Books in 2007. |
Zones 1,2,3,5,7. |
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Sprouts the miracle food. The complete guide to sprouting by Steve Meyerowitz - 6th edition in 1999. ISBN 1-878736-04-3. The Sprouters Handbook by Edward Cairney. Reprinted by Aryll Publishing in 2002. |
Zones 2,3,4 |
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Solanum melongena |
Aubergine |
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Zones 1,2,3 |
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Capsicum species |
Chilli pepper |
Jamie's 15 minute meals by Jamie Oliver. Published by Penguin Books in 2012. ISBN 978-0-718-15780-7 |
Zones 1,2,3,8 |
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Cucamelon |
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Zones 1,2,3,8 |
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Cucumis sativus |
Cucumber |
Vertical Vegetables & Fruit - Creative Gardening Techniques for Growing Up in Small Spaces by Rhonda Massingham Hart. Published by Storey Publishing in 2011. |
Zones 1,2,3 |
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Capsicum annuum |
Sweet pepper |
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Zones 1,2,3 |
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Solanum betaceum |
Tamarillo |
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Zones 1,2,3 |
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Solanum lycopersicum |
Tomato |
Eating for Victory - Healthy home front cooking on war rations. Foreword by Jill Norman 2007, 2013. Published in 2013. |
Zones 1,2,3,8 |
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x Citrofortunella microcarpa |
Calamondin |
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Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Physalis peruviana |
Cape gooseberry |
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Zones 1,2,3 |
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Ficus carica |
Fig |
The Lincolnshire Cook Book. Published by Meze Publishing in 2015. ISBN 978-1-910863-05-3 |
Zones 1,2,3,6,7 |
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Citrus species |
Lime |
Hoxton Street Monster Supplies Cookbook - Everyday Recipes for the Living, Dead and Undead by Hoxton Street Monster Supplies Limted. Published in 2016. ISBN 978-1-78472-230-2 |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Citrus sinensis |
Sweet Orange |
Cookery Year - A month-by-month collection of delicious seasonal recipes by The Reader's Digest. Copyright 1973. Reprinted 2009. ISBN 978 0 276 42893 7. |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Citrus x limon cultivars |
Lemon |
Beeton's Shilling Gardening - Beeton's New Gardening Book - A popular exposition of the Art and Science of Gardening, and every thing that pertains to the garden and its culture in all its branches. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. Attachment of plants to stakes and supports. This tree was tied with plastic baling twine to a fence when very young. The white section shows the width at which it was tied. This tree top snapped in the wind. Please never use plastic twine or wire to tie a plant. |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Citrus reticulata |
Mandarin Orange |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Prunus persica var. nectarina |
Nectarine |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Citrus japonica |
Kumquat |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Prunus persica |
Peach |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Acca sellowiana |
Pineapple guava |
Zones 1,2,3,7 |
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Fragaria species |
Strawberry |
Favourite Easy to Make Recipes - Simple Ideas for First Cookery. Published by J. Salmon Ltd. ISBN 1-902842-68-5 - This book contains a selection of simple recipes, which are straightforward to prepare. They are ideal for beginners and children, or for anyone who wants quick and easy recipes to make and enjoy. There are many other titles available in this series from J. Salmon Ltd. Strawberry Cream Dessert |
Zones 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 |
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Roasted Cheese (Caws Pobi) |
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The information in Foods for Fitness and Your Vitamin ABC is just as relevant today as it was 60 years ago, and the former ends with a salutary note that is worth heeding now: 'Appetite is a good guide to our needs of ... energy foods and, if we take more than we require, we generally store the surplus as fat.
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